Terminology

Front 1

A type of DNS data record that maps the IP address of an Internet-connected device to its domain name.

Back 1

Address Resource Record

Front 2

A nickname for a node’s host name. Aliases can be specified in a local host file.

Back 2

Alias

Front 3

The protocol suite used to interconnect Mac computers.

Back 3

Appletalk

Front 4

A unique 16-bit number that identifies the network to which an AppleTalk node is connected.

Back 4

AppleTalk network number

Front 5

A unique 8-bit or 16-bit number that identifies a computer on an AppleTalk network.

Back 5

AppleTalk node ID

Front 6

A logically defined group of computers on an AppleTalk network.

Back 6

AppleTalk zone

Front 7

Address Resolution Protocol. A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the Network layer of the OSI Model. ARP obtains the MAC address of a host, or node, and then creates a local database that maps the MAC address to the host’s IP address

Back 7

ARP

Front 8

A database of records that map MAC addresses to IP addresses. The ARP table is stored on a computer’s hard disk where it is used by the ARP utility to supply the MAC addresses of network nodes, given their IP addresses.

Back 8

ARP Table

Front 9

The process of assigning one network component to work with another.

Back 9

Binding

Front 10

Bootstrap Protocol. An Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite that uses a central list of IP addresses and their associated devices’ MAC addresses to assign IP addresses to clients dynamically. BOOTP was the precursor to DHCP.

Back 10

BOOTP

Front 11

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. An Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite that manages the dynamic distribution of IP addresses on a network. Using DHCP to assign IP addresses can nearly eliminate duplicate-addressing problems.

Back 11

DHCP

Front 12

Domain Name System or Domain Name Service. A hierarchical way of tracking domain names and their addresses, devised in the mid-1980s. The DNS database does not rely on one file or even one server, but rather is distributed over several key computers across the Internet to prevent catastrophic failure if one or a few computers go down. DNS is a TCP/IP service that belongs to the Application layer of the OSI model.

Back 12

DNS

Front 13

A record in an ARP table that is created when a client makes an ARP request that cannot be satisfied by data already in the ARP table.

Back 13

Dynamic ARP table entry

Front 14

TCP/IP ports in the range of 49152 through 65535, which are open for use without requiring administrative privileges on a host or approval from IANA.

Back 14

Dynamic ports

Front 15

The response signal sent by a device after another device pings it.

Back 15

Echo reply

Front 16

The request for a response generated when one device pings another device.

Back 16

Echo request

Front 17

Internet Control Message Protocol. A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that notifies the sender that something has gone wrong in the transmission process and that packets were not delivered.

Back 17

ICMP

Front 18

Internet Group Management Protocol or Internet Group Multicast Protocol. A TCP/IP protocol used to manage multicast transmissions. Routers use IGMP to determine which nodes use IGMP to join or leave a multicast group.

Back 18

IGMP

Front 19

IP version 4 Link Local. A protocol that manages automatic address assignment among locally connected nodes. IPv4LL is part of the Zeroconf group of protocols.

Back 19

IPvLL

Front 20

IP version 4. Current standard for IP addressing that specifies 32-bit addresses composed of four octets.

Back 20

IPv4

Front 21

A newer standard of IP addressing that will replace IPv5. Uses newer, more efficient header in its packets and allows for 128-bit source and destination IP addresses.

Back 21

IPv6

Front 22

Internetwork Packet Exchange. A core protocol of the IPX/SPX suite that operates at the Network layer of the OSI Model and provides routing and internetwork services, similar to IP in the TCP/IP suite.

Back 22

IPX

Front 23

An address assigned to a device on an IPX/SPX based network.

Back 23

IPX address

Front 24

Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange. Protocol originally developed by Xerox, Modified and adopted by Novell for NetWare network operating system.

Back 24

IPX/SPX

Front 25

NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface. The Microsoft adaptation of the IBM NetBIOS protocol. NetBEUI expands on NetBIOS by adding a Transport layer component. NetBEUI is a fast and efficient protocol that consumes few network resources, provides excellent error correction, and requires little configuration.

Back 25

NetBEUI

Front 26

Network Basic Input Output System. A protocol to provide Transport and Session layer services for applications running on small, homogeneous networks.

Back 26

NetBIOS

Front 27

Network News Transport Protocol. An Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite which facilitates the exchange of newsgroup messages, or articles, between multiple servers and users.

Back 27

NNTP

Front 28

Network Time Protocol. A simple Application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. NTP depends on UDP for Transport layer services.

Back 28

NTP

Front 29

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that belongs in the Network layer of the OSI Model. RARP relies on the RARP table to associate the IP address of a node with its MAC address. RARP can be used to supply IP addresses to diskless workstations.

Back 29

RARP

Front 30

TCP/IP ports in the range of 1024 to 49151. These ports are accessible to network users and processes that do not have special administrative privileges. Default assignments of these ports must be registered with IANA.

Back 30

Registered ports

Front 31

Any host on the Internet that needs to look up domain name information.

Back 31

Resolver

Front 32

The element of a DNS database stored on a name server that contains information about TCP/IP host names and their addresses.

Back 32

Resource Record

Front 33

A DNS server maintained by ICANN and IANA that is an authority on how to contact the top-level domains, such as those ending with .com, .edu, .net, .us, and so on. ICANN oversees the operation of 13 root servers around the world.

Back 33

Root server

Front 34

Protocols that can span more than one LAN because they carry Network layer and addressing information that can be interpreted by a router.

Back 34

Routable

Front 35

A logical address assigned to a specific process running on a computer. Some sockets are reserved for operating system functions.

Back 35

Socket

Front 36

Sequenced Packet Exchange. One of the core protocols in the IPX/SPX suite. SPX belongs to the Transport layer of the OSI Model and works in tandem with IPX to ensure that data are received whole, in sequence, and error free.

Back 36

SPX

Front 37

A record in an ARP table that someone has manually entered using the ARP utility. Static ARP table entries remain the same until someone manually modifies them with the ARP utility.

Back 37

Static ARP table entry

Front 38

Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A TCP/IP Application layer protocol that enables file transfers between computers. Unlike FTP, TFTP relies on UDP at the Transport layer and does not require a user to log on to the remote host.

Back 38

TFTP

Front 39

Time To Live. A number that indicates the maximum time that a datagram or packet can remain on the network before it is discarded. Although this field was originally meant to represent units of time, on modern networks it represents the number of router hops a datagram has endured. The TTL for datagrams is variable and configurable, but is usually set at 32 or 64. Each time a datagram passes through a router, its TTL is reduced by 1. When a router receives a datagram with a TTL equal to 1, the router discards that datagram.

Back 39

TTL

Front 40

User Datagram Protocol. A core protocol in the TCP/IP suite that sits in the Transport layer of the OSI Model. UDP is a connectionless transport service.

Back 40

UDP

Front 41

TCP/IP port numbers 0 to 1023, so named because they were long ago assigned by Internet authorities to popular services (such as FTP and Telnet) and are frequently used

Back 41

Well Known Ports

Front 42

Windows Internet Naming Service. A service that resolves NetBIOS names with IP addresses. WINS is used exclusively with systems that use NetBIOS therefore, it is found on Windows systems

Back 42

WINS

Front 43

Zero Configuration. A collection of protocols designed by the IETF to simplify the setup of nodes on a TCP/IP network. Zeroconf assigns a node an IP address, resolves the node’s host name and IP address without requiring a DNS server, and discovers services, such as print services, available to the node, also without requiring a DNS server.

Back 43

ZeroConf