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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intussusception
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Prolapse of a portion of the bowel into the lumen of an adjacent part..Telescoping of a proximal part of the bowel into a distal part because of peristalsis. Looks like double haustra pattern.
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Volvulus
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: Twisting of a bowel on itself. Like panty hose, can lead to gangrene. Gas accumulates.
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Polyps
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A polyp (pol′ ip) is a growth or mass protruding from a mucous membrane. Solid mass
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Diverticulum
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Pouch created by the herniation of the mucous membrane through the muscular coat. “Out pouching that occurs through weakened areas of the bowel wall”
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Stenosis
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Narrowing or contraction of a passage and example is annular carcinoma (also known as an apple core
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Colostomy
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the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine, usually through the abdominal wall, for fecal passage
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Stoma
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a temporary opening, don’t need all the barium. Left side softer right side solid
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Cathartic Colon
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the anatomic and physiologic change in the colon that occurs with chronic use of stimulant laxatives. “One that develops after prolonged use of laxatives”
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Crohn’s Disease (Regional Enteritis
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Inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly involving the distal ileum. “Inflammatory disease of the intestine”
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The Uvula acts as valve to keep food and drink from regurgitating into what?
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The nasal cavity when eating or drinking
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soft palate forms the partition between?
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oropharynx and nasopharynx
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What does the hard palate partition?
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The oral and nasal cavities.
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What forms the roof of the oral cavity?
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The hard and soft palates.
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What are the accessory structures?
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Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
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How long is the gastrointestinal tract / alimentary canal?
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About 30 feet long tube, running through ventral body
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Chemical Secretion / Digestion
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Delivery of enzymes, mucus, and ions into the lumen, and hormones into the blood to aid in the breakdown of macromolecules of food
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What are the 5 Fundamental processes in the digestive process?
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Ingestion
Mechanical Digestion Chemical Secretion / Digestion Absorption Defecation |
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What are two forms of mechanical digestion?
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Peristalsis: movement of food along the digestive tract (conyer belt)
Motility: Contractions of smooth muscle that crush mix and propel its contents |
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Mechanical Digestion:
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muscular contractions and movements that aid chemical digestion by mixing the catabolic enzymes and through churning and breaking the food down.
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What is another name for the sublingual ducts?
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The ducts of Rivinus
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What are the smallest salivary glands and their location?
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Sublingual Glands, beneath the sublingual fold.
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What divides the two lateral halves of the tongue?
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Median septum (lingual frenulum)
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What is the tongue attached to?
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The hyoid bone
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What are the two types of muscles in the tongue?
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Extrinsic muscles: move tongue from side to side and in and out: for eating
Intrinsic muscles: alter shape and size of tongue for speech and swallowing. |
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What are the largest salivary glands?
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Parotid Glands
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What is another name for the Parotid ducts?
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Stensen's duct
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Where are the Submandibular / Submaxillary Glands?
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Most inferior beneath base of tongue
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What is another name for the Submaxillary ducts
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Wharton's duct.
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Where does the abdominal Esophagus begin and end?
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The esophageal hiatus to T-11
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Where does the Thoracic Esophagus begin and end?
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The thoracic inlet and the esophageal hiatus
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Where does the Cervical Esophagus begin and end?
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C-6 (lower end of pharynx) to the thoracic inlet (suprasternal notch)
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What are the three segments of the Esophagus?
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(a)Cervical Esophagus: (b) Thoracic Esophagus (c) Abdominal Esophagus
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What are the vertebral landmarks for the esophagus?
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C 6 to T 11 (laryngopharynx to the esophageal hiatus)
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Does the descending thoracic aorta lie posterior or anterior to the esophagus?
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Posterior
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How long is the esophagus?
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10 inched vertical
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How long does passage of food and liquid take to pass the esophagus?
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Food 4-8 seconds to get to stomach, soft-liquid one second.
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What prevents you from breathing in food when you swallow?
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The soft palate and uvula to move upward to close the nasopharynx. Larynx rises, meets the epiglottis and seals the glottis. Food prevented from entering larynx by epiglottis that closes as food passes into the esophagus. Respiratory passageways close and breathing is temporarily interrupted until food passes.
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What are the three stages of Swallowing:
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1.voluntary stage: into oropharynx
2.Pharyngeal stage: through pharynx into esophagus. 3.Esophageal stage: esophagus into the stomach. |
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What are the two types of digestion in the mouth?
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Mechanical: mastication (chewing)
Chemical: enzyme salivary amylase (ptyalin) initiates breakdown of starch. (only) |
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What are the four Functions of Saliva?
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1. Dissolves & disperses and to prepare it
2. Provides some digestive action of its own: salivary amylase (ptyalin). 3. Lubricant and wetting to aid in swallowing, better contact with digestive enzymes. 4. Buffering agent for acids in the mouth |
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Another name for the upper esophageal sphincter
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crico-esophageal sphincter
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What is the importance of the lower esophageal (gastro-esophageal or cardiac) sphincter?
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Prevent the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus
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What is another name for the lower esophageal sphincter?
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gastro-esophageal or cardiac sphincter
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Where is the Phrenic Ampulla?
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Dilatation at the lower end of the esophagus
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Where is Esophagogastric junction (EG junction)?
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T 11 where esophagus meets the stomach
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