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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alcohol
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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); mental retardation, microcephaly; ocular anomalies; joint abnormalities; short palpebral fissures
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Androgens and high doses of progestogens
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Varying degrees of masculinization of female fetuses: ambiguous external genitalia resulting in labial fusion and clitoral hypertrophy
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Aminopterin
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IUGR; skeletal defects; malformations of the central nervous system (CNS), notably meroencephaly (most of the brain is absent)
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Cocaine
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IUGR; prematurity; microcephaly; cerebral infarction; urogenital anomalies, neurobehavioral disturbances
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Diethystilbestrol
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Abnormalities of uterus and vagina; cervical erosion and ridges
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Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid)
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Craniofacial abnormalities; neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida cystica; cardiovascular defects; cleft palate; thymic aplasia
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Lithium carbonate
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Various anomalies usually involving the heart and great vessels
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Methotrexate
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Multiple anomalies, especially skeletal, involving the face, cranium, limbs, and vertebral column
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Phenytoin (Dilantin)
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Fetal hydantoin syndrome: IUGR; microcephaly; mental retardation; ridged frontal suture; inner epicanthal folds; eyelid ptosis; broad depressed nasal bridge; phalangeal hypoplasia
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Tetracycline
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Stained teeth; hypoplasia of enamel
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Thalidomide
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Abnormal development of limbs, e.g., meromelia (partial absence) and amelia (complete absence); facial anomalies; systemic anomalies; e.g., cardiac and kidney defects
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Trimethadione
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Development delay; V-shaped eyebrows; low-set ears; cleft lip and/or palate
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Valproic acid
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Craniofacial anomalies; NTDs; often hydrocephalus; heart and skeletal defects
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Warfarin
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Nasal hypoplasia; stippled epiphyses; hypoplastic phalanges; eye anomalies; mental retardation
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Methylmercury
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Cerebral atrophy; spasticity; seizures; mental retardation
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Polychlorinated biphenyls
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IUGR; skin discolorization
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Cytomegalovirus
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Microcephaly; chorioretinitis; sensorineural hearing loss; delayed psychomotor/mental development; hepatosplenomegaly; hydrocephaly; cerebral palsy; brain (periventricular) calcification
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Herpes simplex virus
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Skin vesicles and scarring; chorioretinitis; hepatomegaly; thrombocytopenia; petechiae; hemolytic anemia; hydranencephaly
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Human parvovirus B19
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Eye defects; degenerative changes in fetal tissues
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Rubella virus
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IUGR; postnatal growth retardation; cardiac and great vessel abnormalities; microcephaly; sensorineural deafness; cataract; microphthalmos; glaucoma; pigmented retinopathy; mental retardation; newborn bleeding; hepatosplenomegaly; osteopathy; tooth defects
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Microcephaly; mental retardation; microphthalmia; hydrocephaly; chorioretinitis; cerebral calcifications; hearing loss; neurologic disturbances
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Treponema pallidum
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Hydrocephalus; congenital deafness; mental retardation; abnormal teeth and bones
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Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
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Microcephaly; microphthalmia; cerebral agenesis; CNS necrosis; hydrocephalus
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Varicella virus
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Cutaneous scars (dermatome distribution); neurologic anomalies (limb paresis [incomplete paralysis], hydrocephaly, seizures, etc.); cataracts; microphthalmia; Horner syndrome; optic atrophy; nystagmus; chorioretinitis; microcephaly; mental retardation; skeletal anomalies (hypoplasia of limbs, fingers, and toes, etc.); urogenital anomalies
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High levels of ionizing radiation
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Microcephaly; mental retardation; skeletal anomalies; growth retardation; cataracts
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