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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four limbic functions
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Homeostasis, memory, emotions, olfaction
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What is the pathway for the Papez circuit?
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Subiculum-> fornix -> mammillary nucleus and tract -> anterior thalamic nucleus -> internal capsule -> cingulate gurus -> parahippocampal gyrus -> entorhinal cortex.
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Structures implicated in: declarative memory loss
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Bilateral medial temporal lobe or bilateral medial diencephalon
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Structures implicated in: habit learning
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Caudate nucleus. May be linked to OCD. Variety of other structures
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Structures implicated in: working memory
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Dorsolateral prefrontal areas
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Vascular territory most likely to cause memory deficit
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ACA, damaging basal forebrain and maybe medial diencephalon
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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Caused by thiamine deficiency, seen in alcoholics usually. Bilateral necrosis of mammillary bodies and other medial diencephalic and periventricular nuclei. Triad of ataxia, abnormal eye movement! And confusional state. Can result in coma.nsurvivors left with anterograde and retrograde amnesia, frontal lobe dysfunction, confabulation
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Effect of ablation of amygdala bilaterally
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Placid
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Kluver-bucy syndrome
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Seen rarely in humans. Placid behavior with other symptoms
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Septal area
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Pleasure area
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Two main types of seizures
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Partial, generalized
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Typez of partial seizures
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Simple, complex, partial with secondary generalization
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Types of generalized seizures
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Absence, myoclonus, clinic, tonic, tonic-clonic, atomic
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Which type of seizure involves loss of consciousness?
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Complex partial
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Prevalence rate of febrile seizures
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3-4%
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Percentage of children who remit spontaneously from absence seizures
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40%
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First line of treatment of epilepsy in adults
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Carbamazepine (tegretol), phenytoin (Dilantin)
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First line of treatment of seizures in children
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Ethosuximide (zarontin)
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Medically refractory epilepsy: prevalence
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20-30%
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Medically refractory epilepsy: treatments
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Ketogenic diet, vagal nerve stimulators, esurgery
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Most common type of seizure
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complex partial (65% of all epilepsy pts)
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Auras do not occur with:
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Generalized seizures
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Other name for petit mal seizure
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Abscence
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Name the seizure: Brief, single symmetrical jerks of head and upper extremities; in series or clusters, common after waking
No LOC (duration of generalized polyspike-wave burst usually <1 second) |
Myoclonic
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Name the seizure:Abrupt loss of muscle tone that produces a sudden fall
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Atonic
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Landau-Kleffner
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“Acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder”
need abnormal EEG (usually over temporal areas) but no actual seizures are necessary for diagnosis Age of onset b/t 2 and 11; follows a period of normal development Characterized by sudden or gradual onset of auditory agnosia; may involve total unresponsiveness to language or progressive deterioration of expressive speech Usually associated with behavioral difficulties as well Seizure type varies, but most common is generalized motor seizures Seizures and language deficits unresponsive to AED’s (current: steroid tx) Earlier onset is related to poorer prognosis |
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Rolandic epilepsy
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believed to have autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance
EEG has characteristic centrotemporal spikes onset b/t 3 and 13; remission nearly always complete by age 15 Characteristics: unilateral parasthesias, speech arrest, T-C seizures occurring mostly at night |
