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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is temperature regulation important?
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Enzymatic reactions depend on optimal temperature ranges.
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What is a poikilotherm?
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An animal that passively regulates body temperature by making behavioral adjustments.
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What is a hemoetherm?
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An animal that actively regulates body temperature within a certain range by physiological mechanisms.
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What enzymatic reaction generates heat?
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Combustion of fuels.
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What causes hyperthermia and fever?
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Prolonged exposure to hot environments.
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What is a pyrogen and what is its effect?
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A substance that causes elevation in body temperature - elevation in the hypothalamic "set point."
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What is the main function of heat shock proteins?
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Protect proteins and enzymes of intracellular reactions in hyperthermic states.
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What causes hypothermia?
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Prolonged exposure to cold water or air.
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What are the 4 modalities of heat transfer?
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1) Radiation
2) Conduction 3) Convection 4) Evaporation |
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What is the general equation to measure body temperature?
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Heat gain - heat loss.
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How does one maintain a constant internal body temperature?
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Δheat = 0; increased heat gain must result in increased heat loss, increased heat loss must result in increased heat gain.
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What are the 4 components of the physiological control system for temperature regulation?
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1) Peripheral sensors
2) Central sensors 3) Central controller (hypothalamic thermostat) 4) Physiological effectors (skin, sweat glands, etc.) |
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How do peripheral sensors work?
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Thermoreceptors that sense warm and cold changes in the skin and respond to changes in external temperature.
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How do central sensors work?
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Many warm and a few cold thermoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus monitor the internal core body temperature.
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How do cold and warm receptors work?
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Cold receptors discharge signals when the environment is cold, warm receptors discharge signals when the environment is hot.
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What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?
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1) isometric contraction
2) isotonic contraction 3) fatiguing contraction |
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What is a fatiguing contraction?
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The inability to maintain a certain force or power output.
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What is the significance of Fig 4?
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I don't know.
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What is external work dependent on?
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Muscle shortening.
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What is muscle shortening dependent on?
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Cross-bridge cycling.
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What is cross-bridge cycling dependent on?
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ATP hydrolysis.
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What is the result of extremely low ATP levels?
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Muscle rigor.
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How is ATP generated?
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Aerobic and anaerobic reactions.
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In steady-state, non-fatiguing exercise, what is external work dependent on?
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Adequate oxygen supply, local glycogen stores in the muscle, blood glucose from liver gluconeogenesis.
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In transient, fatiguing exercise, what happens to external work?
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It falls off due to negative loss of oxygen, glycogen, blood glucose, as well as a build up of K+ and H+.
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What happens to effective circulating volume (ECV) in prolonged exercise?
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It falls due to loss of fluid entering the interstitium, evaporating via perspiration, and blood volume redistributing from muscle to skin.
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What senses a drop in ECV and how will they respond to low blood pressure?
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Low-pressure baroreceptors, which limit the fall in ECV by increasing vascular resistance in the gut, something about vasodilatory drive???
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What is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)?
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A global assessment of each integrated physiological system (pulmonary, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, neuropsychological, and skeletal muscle).
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What is CPET useful for?
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Diagnosing exercise intolerance.
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What ist eh difference between resting and active pulmonary function testing?
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I don't know.
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Describe the oxygen debt produced in strenuous exercise vs. endurance exercise.
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Figure 6. What else?
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