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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the orientation of phosphlipids in the cell membrane
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In bilayer structure with heads on the outside.
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What is the diameter of the pores?
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8 angstroms.
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What is the structure of the pores?
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Hollow tubes of transport proteins - aquaporins.
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What are the integral protein components of the cell membrane?
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Nonpolar amino acids.
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What are the peripherial protein components of the cell membrane?
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Proteins bound to surface of cell membrane.
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What is the selective permeability to non-polar molecules?
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Pores controls what and how much something enters a cell.
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What is the selective permeability to molecules smaller than 8 angstrom?
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They can pass through easily.
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What is the selective permeability to molecules larger than 8 angstrom?
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They cannot pass through, enter by pushing through the phospholipids.
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What is the selective permeability of charged particles over 8 angstrom?
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They are too large to pass through pores and charged particles cannot pass past the phospholipids.
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Define Endocytosis
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Process by which liquids or
small solid particles are taken into a cell in the form of small vesicles that are produced through the invagination of the cell membrane. |
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What is the mechanism of pinocytosis?
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type of endocytosis where the cell ingests extracelluar fluid and its solutes
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macromolecules
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What is an example of particle types or structures ingested during pinocytosis?
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protein molecules dissolved in extracellular fluid
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What is receptor mediated Endocytosis?
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enables cell to take in specific substances
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What is Exocytosis?
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active transport process to secrete macromolecules from cells
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What purpose(s) is Exocytosis employed?
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secretion of insulin, release of neurons, proteins and carbohydrates
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What is the structure of Rough E.R (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?
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Stacks of membranes called cisternae, connected by connectives with bound ribosomes.
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What are the functions of Rough E.R (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?
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protein and membrane synthesis
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What is the differences in the products of free and bound ribosomes?
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free ribosomes make proteins that the cell itself will use. Bound ribosomes make proteins for other cells
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What are the Rough E.R. transport vesicles?
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vesicles which transport proteins to the golgi complex
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What do Rough E.R transport vesicles contain?
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protein
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What is the structure of Smooth E.R.?
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Membrane tubes, continuous tubes that loop and twist.
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What are the functions of Smooth E.R.?
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lipid, glycogen synthesis, detoxification
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What is the structure of the Gogli complex?
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polarized stacks of membranes called cisternae, usually stacks of 4 or 8
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What are the functions of the Gogli complex?
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packaging of proteins and lipids, lysosomes and cellulose synthesis
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What is the forming cis, receiving faces?
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the top cisternae of the gogli complex
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What is the forming trans, shipping faces?
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the bottom cisternae of the gogli complex
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Define dictyosome.
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the gogli complex in plants
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What is the structure of the lysosome?
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a vacuole containing hydrolytic or digestive enzymes - found only in animals
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What are the functions of lysosomes?
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digestion of macromolecules
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How do cells protect from lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes?
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the cytosol has a neutral pH
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What is intercellular digestion of cells by phagocytosis?
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when food is broken down inside the cell
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What is the intercellular explusion of cells by phagocytosis?
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exocytosis
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What are digestive vacoules?
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vacuoles which contain lysosomes
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What are residual vacoules?
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vacuoles which contain undigested material
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What is the process of exocytosis?
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secretion of macromolecules by fusing visicles to the cell membrane
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What is the structure of peroxisomes?
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membrane bound organelles full of enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide
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What is the function of peroxisomes?
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detoxification by removing hydrogen atoms
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What is the structure of glycoxysomes?
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membrane bound organelles full of enzymes found in plants
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What is the function of glyoxysomes?
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breakdown and convert fatty acids to sugars
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Describe food vacuoles.
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vacoules created by phagocytosis
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Describe contractile vacuoles.
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Vacoules which moves excess water out of cells.
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Describe central vacuoles.
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vacuoles which store toxins and pigments within plants
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What are the components of the endomembrane system?
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endoplasmic reticulum, gogli complex, vesicles, lysosomes, microbodies, nuclear membrane
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What is the structure of mitochondria?
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double membrane organelle, inner membrane is folded into cristae
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What is the function of mitochondria?
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atp synthesis
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Where is mitochondria location, numbers and origin?
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found in cells which need energy, directly proportional to energy a cell needs, originated from bacteria
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What is the structure and function of leucoplasts?
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What is the structure and function of chromoplasts?
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What is the structure and origin of chloroplasts?
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What is the origin of chlorplasts?
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What is the structure and function of microtubals?
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What is the structure and function of microfiliments?
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What is the structure and function of centrioles?
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What is the structure and function of cilia?
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What is the structure and functions of flagella?
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What is the structure and functions of basil bodies?
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What is the composition of animal cell cellular coats and function?
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What is the compostion of plant cell cellular coats and function?
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Define eukaryotic cell.
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Which kingdom of organisms consist entirely of eukaryotic cellular organisms?
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Define prokaryotic cell.
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Which kingdom of organisms comprise these types?
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What cells are the members of prokaryotic kingdom?
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One word answer.
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What is the structure of a prokaryotic cell?
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What is the structure of helical viruses?
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What is the structure of polyhedral viruses?
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What is the structure of complex viruses?
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Question
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Answer
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Hint
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|
|
What is the orientation of phosphlipids in the cell membrane
|
In bilayer structure with heads on the outside.
|
|
|
|
What is the diameter of the pores?
|
8 angstroms
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of the pores?
|
transport proteins - aquaporins
|
|
|
|
What are the integral protein components of the cell membrane?
|
nonpolar amino acids
|
|
|
|
What are the peripherial protein components of the cell membrane?
|
bound to surface of cell membrane
|
|
|
|
What is the selective permeability to non-polar molecules?
|
controls what an how much something enters a cell
|
|
|
|
What is the selective permeability to molecules smaller than 8 angstrom?
|
can pass through easily
|
|
|
|
What is the selective permeability to molecules larger than 8 angstrom?
|
cannot pass through, taken in by endocytosis
|
|
|
|
What is the selective permeability of charged particles over 8 angstrom?
|
charged particles cannot pass through
|
|
|
|
Define Endocytosis
|
process by which liquids or small solid particles are taken into a cell in the form of small vesicles that are produced through the invagination of the cell membrane
|
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of pinocytosis?
|
type of endocytosis where the cell ingests extracelluar fluid and its solutes
|
macromolecules
|
|
|
What is an example of particle types or structures ingested during pinocytosis?
|
protein molecules dissolved in extracellular fluid
|
|
|
|
What is receptor mediated Endocytosis?
|
enables cell to take in specific substances
|
|
|
|
What is receptor mediated Phagocytosis?
|
|
|
|
|
What is Exocytosis?
|
active transport process to secrete macromolecules from cells
|
|
|
|
What purpose(s) is Exocytosis employed?
|
secretion of insulin, release of neurons, proteins and carbohydrates
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of Rough E.R (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?
|
stacks of membranes called cisternae connected by connectives with bound ribosomes
|
|
|
|
What are the functions of Rough E.R (Endoplasmic Reticulum)?
|
protein and membrane synthesis
|
|
|
|
What is the differences in the products of free and bound ribosomes?
|
free ribosomes make proteins that the cell itself will use. Bound ribosomes make proteins for other cells
|
|
|
|
What are the Rough E.R. transport vesicles?
|
vesicles which transport proteins to the golgi complex
|
|
|
|
What do Rough E.R transport vesicles contain?
|
protein
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of Smooth E.R.?
|
membrane tubes, continuous tube that loops and twists
|
|
|
|
What are the functions of Smooth E.R.?
|
lipid, glycogen synthesis, detoxification
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of the Gogli complex?
|
polarized stacks of membranes called cisternae, usually stacks of 4 or 8
|
|
|
|
What are the functions of the Gogli complex?
|
packaging of proteins and lipids, lysosomes and cellulose synthesis
|
|
|
|
What is the forming cis, receiving faces?
|
the top cisternae of the gogli complex
|
|
|
|
What is the forming trans, shipping faces?
|
the bottom cisternae of the gogli complex
|
|
|
|
Define dictyosome.
|
the gogli complex in plants
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of the lysosome?
|
a vacuole containing hydrolytic or digestive enzymes - found only in animals
|
|
|
|
What are the functions of lysosomes?
|
digestion of macromolecules
|
|
|
|
How do cells protect from lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes?
|
the cytosol has a neutral pH
|
|
|
|
What is intercellular digestion of cells by phagocytosis?
|
when food is broken down inside the cell
|
|
|
|
What is the intercellular explusion of cells by phagocytosis?
|
exocytosis
|
|
|
|
What are digestive vacoules?
|
vacuoles which contain lysosomes
|
|
|
|
What are residual vacoules?
|
vacuoles which contain undigested material
|
|
|
|
What is the process of exocytosis?
|
secretion of macromolecules by fusing visicles to the cell membrane
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of peroxisomes?
|
membrane bound organelles full of enzymes that produce hydrogen peroxide
|
|
|
|
What is the function of peroxisomes?
|
detoxification by removing hydrogen atoms
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of glycoxysomes?
|
membrane bound organelles full of enzymes found in plants
|
|
|
|
What is the function of glyoxysomes?
|
breakdown and convert fatty acids to sugars
|
|
|
|
Describe food vacuoles.
|
vacoules created by phagocytosis
|
|
|
|
Describe contractile vacuoles.
|
vacoules which moves excess water out of cells
|
|
|
|
Describe central vacuoles.
|
vacuoles which store toxins and pigments within plants
|
|
|
|
What are the components of the endomembrane system?
|
endoplasmic reticulum, gogli complex, vesicles, lysosomes, microbodies, nuclear membrane
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of mitochondria?
|
double membrane organelle, inner membrane is folded into cristae
|
|
|
|
What is the function of mitochondria?
|
atp synthesis
|
|
|
|
Where is mitochondria location, numbers and origin?
|
found in cells which need energy, directly proportional to energy a cell needs, originated from bacteria
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and function of leucoplasts?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and function of chromoplasts?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and origin of chloroplasts?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the origin of chlorplasts?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and function of microtubals?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and function of microfiliments?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and function of centrioles?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and function of cilia?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and functions of flagella?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure and functions of basil bodies?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the composition of animal cell cellular coats and function?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the compostion of plant cell cellular coats and function?
|
|
|
|
|
Define eukaryotic cell.
|
|
|
|
|
Which kingdom of organisms consist entirely of eukaryotic cellular organisms?
|
|
|
|
|
Define prokaryotic cell.
|
|
|
|
|
Which kingdom of organisms comprise these types?
|
|
|
|
|
What cells are the members of prokaryotic kingdom?
|
|
One word answer.
|
|
|
What is the structure of a prokaryotic cell?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of helical viruses?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of polyhedral viruses?
|
|
|
|
|
What is the structure of complex viruses?
|
|
|
