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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Decibel(dB) |
10log10(P2/P1)
Measures relative strengths of two signals or one signal at two different points. |
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Bit length |
propagation speed x bit duration
The distance one bit occupies on the transmission medium. |
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Bandwidth |
ƒhighest - ƒlowest
The range of frequencies contained in a composite signal. |
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Period(T) |
1/ƒ
Amount of time, in seconds, a signal needs to complete one cycle. |
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Frequency(ƒ) |
1/T
Number of periods in 1s. |
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Conversion rate for; s, ms, μs, ns, ps. |
s = 1s ms = 10⁻³s μs = 10⁻⁶s ns = 10⁻⁹s ps = 10⁻¹²s |
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Conversion rate for Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz, THz. |
Hz = 1Hz kHz = 10³Hz MHz = 10⁶Hz GHz = 10⁹Hz THz = 10¹²Hz |
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Wavelength(λ) |
Propagation Speed = c c / ƒ = c x T
The distance a simple signal can travel in one period. |
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Signal-to-Noise Ratio(SNR) |
avg signal power/avg noise power
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Nyquist Bit Rate |
L = # of signal levels 2 x bandwidth x log2L
Maximum bit rate for noiseless channel. |
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Shannon Capacity |
bandwidth x log2(1+SNR)
Highest data rate for noisy channel. |
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Throughput |
How fast we can actually send data through network. |
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Latency(Delay) |
propagation time + transmission time + queuing time + processing delay
Defines how long it takes for an entire message to arrive at the destination from the time first bit is sent. |
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Propagation Time |
Distance / (Propagation Speed)
Time required for a bit to travel from the source to the destination. |
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Transmission Time |
(Message Size) / Bandwidth |
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SNRdb |
10log10(SNR) |
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Amplitude |
The strength or intensity of a wave. (Volts,V) |
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Frequency |
Number of cycles or periods per 1 second. |
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Phase |
Position of a wave relative to time 0 |
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Baseband Transmission |
Data sent as digital signals. |
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Broadband Transmission |
Data sent as analog signals. |
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Low-pass Channel |
Bandwidth that starts from 0 |
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Band-pass Channel |
Bandwidth that doesn't start at 0 |
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Attinuation |
Signal's loss of energy while traveling through a medium.
Reduction of signal strength as it travels through a medium. |
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Distortion |
Differences in delay change the signal. |
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Noise |
Drowns out the signal. |
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Analog Data |
Information that is continuous. |
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Digital Data |
Information that has discrete states. |
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Composite Signal |
Made up of many sine waves. |
