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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sUbJeCt
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The subject of a sentence is a "noun, pronoun, or noun phrase that indicates what a sentence is about and typically precedes the main verb of the sentence
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pReDiCaTe
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The predicate is the part of the sentence that contains the verb and basically explains something about the subject or something about the action of the subject
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cLaUsE
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A clause is a group of words that has both a subject and a predicate. So, every sentence is also a clause; every clause, however, is not a sentence. There are two different kinds of clauses: independent clauses and dependent clauses. Understanding clauses will help you punctuate sentences correctly.
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iNdEpEnDeNt cLaUsE
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An independent clause, also known as a main clause, is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence. In other words, every group of words that has a subject and a predicate and completes a thought is an independent clause
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dEpEnDeNt cLaUsE
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A dependent clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate, but it doesn't make sense when it stands on its own because it doesn't complete a thought. For example, "When I grow up and move away" is a group of words that has a subject, "I," and a predicate, "grow up and move away," but it doesn't complete a thought. More words are needed in order to make a complete sentence and, therefore, the clause is dependent.
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cOnJuNcTiOnS
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Conjunctions are words that combine clauses, sentences, phrases, or words. Here we will focus on two main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.
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cOoRdInAtInG cOnJuNcTiOnS
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Coordinating conjunctions combine sentences, phrases, or elements that are parallel in meaning. The most common of these conjunctions are and, but, and or.
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sUbOrDiNaTiNg cOnJuNcTiOnS
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Subordinating conjunctions are used to connect a dependent clause to an independent clause. These conjunctions are often used to introduce the dependent clause and include words such as although, if, because, while, and unless.
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cOnJuNcTiVe aDvErBs
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Conjunctive adverbs "modify an entire sentence or clause while linking it to the preceding sentence or clause" (Hult, 571). These are words such as however, thus, and consequently.
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rEsTrIcTiVe eLeMeNtS
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Restrictive elements are words, phrases, or even clauses that contain information that is critical to the understanding of a sentence. These elements are not set off by commas. For example, in the sentence "J. K. Rowling's book Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban is my favorite novel to read in October," the title of the book, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, is a restrictive element because if I didn't include it, the reader could assume I was talking about one of her other books. To understand this concept better, try taking the restrictive element out: "J. K. Rowling's book is my favorite novel to read in October." Because J. K. Rowling has written more than one book, the reader is uncertain as to which book exactly is my favorite to read in October.
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nOnReStRiCtIvE eLeMeNtS
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Nonrestrictive elements are just the opposite of restrictive elements. These are words, phrases, or clauses that contain information that is not critical to the understanding of a sentence, and these elements are set off by commas. For example, look at the following sentence: "J. K. Rowling's first book, Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, was an instant success." In this sentence, the title of the book is a nonrestrictive element because even if I left it out, the reader would understand which book I was discussing. Since J.K. Rowling only has one "first book," the sentence must be referring to Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone.
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