Teas V Science

Front 1

blood path through heart-right

Back 1

superior/inferior vena cave

right atrium

tricuspid valve

right ventricle

pulmonary valve

pulmonary artery

lungs

gains o2 in pulmonary system

then goes through left side

Front 2

blood path through heart-left

Back 2

pulmonary vein

left atrium

mitral valve

left ventricle

aortic vale

aorta-out to body

Front 3

nervous system contains 2 ?

Back 3

Pheripheral nervous system (pns)

central nervous system(cns)

Front 4

cns

Back 4

brain and spinal cord

Front 5

pns

Back 5

cranial and spinal nerves that extend beyond cns

• autonomic
• sensory somatic nervous system

Front 6

autonomic

Back 6

(PNS)

• controls automatic body functions
• ex:Heartbeat
• includes sympathetic nerves (excited or scared)
• parasympathetic nerves(eating or sleeping)

Front 7

sensory-somatic nervous sytem

Back 7

(PNS)

• 12 cranial nervs
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves & associated gangila
• controls voluntary actions (talking &walking)

Front 8

gangila

Back 8

collections of nerve cell bodies

Front 9

dendrites

Back 9

they receive stimuli from internal & external environment and bring back to nerouons for interpetation

Front 10

phagocytosis

Back 10

engulfing of pathogens by white blood cells

Front 11

perforins

Back 11

natural killer cells produce this

-pore forming proteins that target virus and cancer cells

-causes cells to lyse

Front 12

interferons

Back 12

body's response to viral infection

-prevent cells from replication after 7-10 days

-activate nk cells

Front 13

chemotaxis

Back 13

leukocytes respond to damaged body tissue

-cytokines-chemical messengers that are released by damaged cells play a roll

Front 14

diapedesis

Back 14

process of WBC squeezing through capillaries slits in response to cytokines

(followed by cellular adhesion molecules guiding white blood cells to site of damage)

Front 15

active immunity

Back 15

-vaccine

-after vaccine body stimulates actual infection by pathogen stimulating body to produce antibodies for future protection

Front 16

passive immunity

Back 16

body does not make own antibodies

-receives them directly (nursing)

Front 17

cell medicated immunity

Back 17

t cells (lymphocyte that triggers the action of other lymphocytes) are primarily responsible for recognizing nonself cells

Front 18

natural selection

Back 18

some individuals of a species are better able to survive in their enviornment and able to reproduce others

Front 19

alleles

Back 19

every gene exists in different forms

Front 20

adaption

Back 20

mutations in alleles allowing better survival

(natural selection produces it)

adaption is end result

Front 21

microtubules

Back 21

cellular tracks that, during mitosis, form the miotic spindle. spindle helps organize and segregate the chromosomes during cell division.

Front 22

centrosomes

Back 22

microtubules-organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis

Front 23

cell differention

Back 23

produces more specilized cell

can happen as adult or embryo

ex:stem cell

Front 24

cell replication

Back 24

g1

s

g2

Front 25

g1

Back 25

• dna helix unwinds
  
• rna base pairs with partners to form messenger rna strand MRNA
• helix closes, mrna exists nucleus, and takes info to ribosomes

Front 26

s (synthesis)

Back 26

• dna helix unwinds (help from enzymes)
  
• this breaks hydrogen bonds and seperates from base pairs (but not backbone)
• pair with new complementary bases -then synthesized to new complementary strand -dna ploymerase enzyme helped
• other stand from original helix going through same thing
• 2 new strands

Front 27

g2

Back 27

continued protein synthesis and cell growth preparation for cell division

Front 28

mitosis

Back 28

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

Front 29

prophase

Back 29

• spindle fibers form
  
• centrioles move to opposite sides
• nucleaur membrane disappears

Front 30

metaphase

Back 30

• chromosomes align midway along spindle fibers

Front 31

anaphase

Back 31

• chromosomes begin to separate from daughters
• cytokinesis begins

Front 32

telophase

Back 32

• identical sets of chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell
• spindle fibers disappear
• nuclear membrane reappears
• cytokinesis completes

Front 33

cytokinesis

Back 33

seperateing the two sets of chromosomes into different cells

Front 34

meosis

Back 34

• prophase I
• metaphase i
• anaphase I
• telophase I
• prophase II
• metaphase II
• anaphase II
• telophase II

Front 35

prophase 1

Back 35

• homologous chromosomes condense and link (process-forming tetrads)
• crossing over or recombination occurs

Front 36

metaphase 1

Back 36

• homologous chromosome move to metaphase plate

Front 37

anaphase 1

Back 37

• homologous chromosomes separate
• sister chromotaids stay together

Front 38

telophase 1

Back 38

• cytokinesis has occured
• 2 haploid daughter cells are result

Front 39

haploid

Back 39

single set of chromosomes

Front 40

diploid

Back 40

cells that contain two sets of chromosomes

Front 41

prophase 2

Back 41

• brief stage spindle fibers begin to reappear
• centrioles move to opposite of poles

Front 42

metaphase 2

Back 42

sister chromtaids align at new metaphase plate

Front 43

anaphase 2

Back 43

sister chromatids separate again

Front 44

telophase 2

Back 44

4 haploid cells result after cytokinesis

Front 45

sister chromatids

Back 45

two identical copies if dna

Front 46

meoisis and mitosis occur?

Back 46

• mitosis occurs to replace old cells in all cell types
  
• meiosis occurs in gametes to bring about genetic variation among offspring
  

Front 47

photosynethis

Back 47

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight= Glucose + Oxygen (atp)

atp is fuel for cell from co2 and water

Front 48

cellular respiration

Back 48

glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water+energy

• transffered to krebs cycle where more atp is made
  
• cell uses mitochondria to produce atp
• co2 is made

Front 49

dna repair process

Back 49

1. dna polymerase proof reads
2. mismatch repair
3. excision repair-damaged cells (exposure)

Front 50

germ cells

Back 50

reproductive cells that pass genetic info on to offspring

Front 51

electromagnetic waves

Back 51

waves of radiation that are characterized by electric and magnetic fields

Front 52

wave lengths s-l

Back 52

• gamma ray
  
• xray
• ultraviolet ray
• visible
• infrared
• microwave
• radio

Front 53

visible l-s

Back 53

ROYGBIV

Front 54

METRIC SYSTEM TO MEASURE WORK

Back 54

joules or calories (smaller)

kilojoules or kilocalories (1000)

Front 55

KE

Back 55

energy of motion

KE=1/2mv(squared)

Front 56

PE

Back 56

stored energy

PE=mgh

Front 57

catalysts

Back 57

control rate of chemical reaction, or reactions in which atoms react to come stable

• *promoters-increase reaction (by lowering activation energy) *
• inhibitors-decrease reaction
• 
  

Front 58

reaction rates

Back 58

depend on frequency of contact of reactants with the catalysts

(may be artificially accomplished by increasing substrate (molecular surface acted upon by enzyme)

Front 59

catalysts 4 step process

Back 59

1. X+C ->XC
2. XC+Y->XYC
3. XYC->CZ
4. CZ->C+Z

(C)catalyst (Z)product (x&y) reactants

catalysts present with product to repeat

Front 60

periodic table -groups

Back 60

up an down

same number of valence electrons (outer shell electrons

Front 61

periodic table-row/ period

Back 61

left to right

same number of shells

Front 62

ionization energy

Back 62

energy required to completley remove an electron from gaseous atom or ion

increase moving left to right

increase moving bottom to top

Front 63

atomic radius

Back 63

decreases left to right

decreases bottom to top

Front 64

electronegativity

Back 64

measure of atoms attraction on electrons in a chemical bond

greater electronegativity, greater attraction for bonding

elements that have low ionizaton have low electronegativity

electronegativity decreases as atomic number increases

Front 65

chemical bonding

Back 65

chemical merging of atoms due to their electron arrangment, determined by location on a given row

bonding rules:transition between metals and non metals is also given to exist from L to R within each row.

Front 66

metalloids

Back 66

5,14,32,33,51,52,84,85

Front 67

ionic bond

Back 67

electrical attraction between ions of opposite charges

Front 68

covalent bond

Back 68

sharing of electrons between atoms

Front 69

saturated hydrocarbons

Back 69

alkanes-most basic structure

composed entirely of single bonds and saturated with hydrogen

CnH2n+2

Front 70

unsaturated hydrocarbons

Back 70

one or more of triple bonds between carbon atoms

1 bond-alkenes CNH2N

3 bonds-alkynesCNH2N-2

Front 71

simple hydrocarbons

Back 71

methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane

hexane

heotane

octane

nonane

decane

Front 72

vaporization

Back 72

MXL

Front 73

CONDENSATINON

Back 73

-MxL