Teas V

Front 1

King Phillp Came Over For Granny's Soup

Back 1

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Front 2

Classification of organisms into universally accepted taxons: names reflect the organism's evolutionary heritage

Back 2

Taxonomy

Front 3

Nitrogenous base with two rings (adenine and guanine)

Back 3

Purines

Front 4

Nitrogenous base with one ring (thymine, cytosine, uracil)

Back 4

Pyramidine

Front 5

A molecule that exits as a double-stranded helix made from sugars, phosphorus and nitrogenous bases

Back 5

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Front 6

Single-stranded molecule made from sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous bases; required for the transfer and translation of the DNA code within a cell

Back 6

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Front 7

Nucleic acids (chain of nucleotides: consists of a pentode, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base)

Back 7

DNA and RNA

Front 8

Molecule that consists of a pentode, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Back 8

Nucleotide

Front 9

The job is to store and transmit hereditary information:

Back 9

Nucleic acids

Front 10

A type of sugar

Back 10

Pentose

Front 11

Not all RNA in the cell is translated into _____.

Back 11

proteins

Front 12

Complete set of DNA for an individual; contains all genes

Back 12

genome

Front 13

Unique molecule that provides direction for it's own replication and directs RNA synthesis

Back 13

DNA

Front 14

Genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents

Back 14

DNA

Front 15

Molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases together

Back 15

Phosphate group

Front 16

Molecule found in DNA and RNA that encodes the genetic information in cells

Back 16

Nitrogenous base

Front 17

Name five types of nitrogenous bases:

Back 17

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Uracil

Front 18

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine
Uracil

Back 18

Five types of nitrogenous bases

Front 19

Nitrogenous bases found in both DNA and RNA

Back 19

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine

Front 20

Nitrogenous bases found in DNA and not RNA

Back 20

Thymine

Front 21

Nitrogenous bases found in RNA and not DNA

Back 21

Uracil

Front 22

Nucleoside:

Back 22

Nitrogenous base and the sugar without the phosphate group

Front 23

Two families of nitrogenous bases:

Back 23

pyrimidine and purine

Front 24

Nitrogenous bade with one ring (thymine, cytosine and uracil)

Back 24

Pyrimidine

Front 25

Nitrogenous base with two rings (adenine and guanine)

Back 25

Purine

Front 26

This complex is able to form because weak bonds are able to form between the hydrogen atoms and oxygen or nitrogen atoms bases in the complimentary strands of DNA

Back 26

Double helix structure

Front 27

Weak bond

Back 27

Hydrogen bond

Front 28

Pentose component in DNA

Back 28

Deoxyribose

Front 29

Pentose component in RNA

Back 29

Ribose

Front 30

Genetic blueprint of the cell

Back 30

DNA

Front 31

Messenger within the cell

Back 31

RNA

Front 32

DNA-synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus-movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore-synthesis of protein

Back 32

DNA-RNA-Protein

Front 33

Organelle responsible for synthesizing protein within the cell from amino acids

Back 33

Ribosomes

Front 34

Compound composed of a large number of amino acids joined in a particular type of chemical bond called a peptide bond

Back 34

Protein

Front 35

Process of cells copying the instructions from DNA into the RNA

Back 35

Transcription

Front 36

Process of protein reduction from messenger RNA

Back 36

Translation

Front 37

RNA is the messenger between DNA and protein synthesis

Back 37

True

Front 38

DNA strand has a built-in directionality along its sugar-phosphate backbone from_____.

Back 38

5' to 3'
(the two sugar-phosphate backbones run in opposite direction from each other)

Front 39

The sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the helix, and the nitrogenous bases are paired in the interior of the helix

Back 39

True

Front 40

Genetic blueprint of the cell

Back 40

DNA

Front 41

Messenger within the cell

Back 41

RNA

Front 42

DNA-synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus-movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore-synthesis of protein

Back 42

DNA-RNA-Protein

Front 43

Organelle responsible for synthesizing protein within the cell from amino acids

Back 43

Ribosomes

Front 44

Compound composed of a large number of amino acids joined in a particular type of chemical bond called a peptide bond

Back 44

Protein

Front 45

Process of cells copying the instructions from DNA into the RNA

Back 45

Transcription

Front 46

Process of protein reduction from messenger RNA

Back 46

Translation

Front 47

RNA is the messenger between DNA and protein synthesis

Back 47

True

Front 48

DNA strand has a built-in directionality along its sugar-phosphate backbone from_____.

Back 48

5' to 3'
(the two sugar-phosphate backbones run in opposite direction from each other)

Front 49

The sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the helix, and the nitrogenous bases are paired in the interior of the helix

Back 49

True

Front 50

In a ___ cell the DNA is concentrated in a region that is not membrane enclosed called the nucleotide.

Back 50

Prokaryotic

Front 51

Contains:
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleoid
Plasmids
Flagella
Fimbriae
Ribosomes
Capsule
Plasma membrane
Pili

Back 51

Prokaryotic cell

Front 52

Bacteria and Archaea (only) are ___.

Back 52

Prokaryotes

Front 53

Rich protein fluid with gel-like consistency that houses organelles.

Back 53

Cytoplasm

Front 54

Region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell

Back 54

Cytoplasm

Front 55

In prokariotic cells, rich protein fluid with gel like consistency that houses organelles

Back 55

Cytoplasm

Front 56

Region of prokaryotic cell where the cell's DNA is located (not enclosed by a membrane). Condensed DNA of the cell.

Back 56

Nucleoid

Front 57

In a prokaryotic cell, it contains genes and the genetic blueprints for the formation of proteins that make up the machinery of cells.

Back 57

Nucleoid

Front 58

In a prokaryotic cell, are small circular portions of DNA not associated with the Nucleoid, that contain a small number of genes
genes compared to the DNA in the
Nucleoid.

Back 58

Plasmids

Front 59

In a prokaryotic cell, RNA is copied from the DNA to take the instructions from the Nucleoid to the rest of the cell.

Back 59

True

Front 60

In a prokaryotic cell,manufacture proteins for the cell from the RNA messages. Very small bodies free floating in the cytoplasm.

Back 60

Ribosomes

Front 61

Locomotion organelle of prokaryotic cells

Back 61

Flagella

Front 62

In prokaryotic cells, is the membrane enclosing the cytoplasm.

Back 62

Plasma membrane

Front 63

In prokariotic cells, is the rigid structure outside the plasma membrane

Back 63

Cell wall

Front 64

Some eukaryotic cells live as single cells, but many exist as part of a larger complex of cells composing a multicellular organism

Back 64

True

Front 65

Eukaryotic cells are more complex and larger than prokaryotic cells.

Back 65

True

Front 66

Parts of eukaryotic cell:
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane
Lysosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Golgi apparatus
Nucleolus

Back 66

Eukaryotic cell

Front 67

In an eukaryotic cell: what is the membrane that envelopes the cell and is semipermeable to allow certain substances and water in and out?

Back 67

Plasma membrane

Front 68

In eukaryotic cells: what makes proteins based on RNA messages from the cell's genes?

Back 68

Ribosomes

Front 69

In eukaryotic cells: what is the tubular transport network within the cell?

Back 69

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 70

In eukaryotic cells: what is studded with ribosomes?

Back 70

Rough ER

Front 71

In eukaryotic cells: what is responsible for moving proteins from one part of a cell to another and from moving proteins to the outside of a cell?

Back 71

Smooth ER

Front 72

In eukaryotic cells: what is involved in the packaging and transport of proteins in the cell, including protein secretion?

Back 72

Golgi aparatus

Front 73

In eukaryotic cells: what refines proteins that have been manufactured by the ribosomes, sorts the proteins and prepare them for transport to other parts of the cell or to the cell membrane for secretion?

Back 73

Golgi apparatus

Front 74

In eukaryotic cells: what work hand in hand with the ER in protein movement and processing?

Back 74

Golgi apparatus

Front 75

In eukaryotic cells: what are the small membrane-bounded sacs within the cytoplasm that are used to transport proteins or other substances in or out of the cell?

Back 75

Vesicles

Front 76

In eukaryotic cells: what type of vesicles functions as a basic storage unit of the cell that can hold various compounds?

Back 76

Vacuole

Front 77

In eukaryotic cells: what type of vesicles contains digestive enzymes that are capable of disposing of cellular debris and worn cellular parts?

Back 77

Lysosomes

Front 78

What are the three types of vesicles in eukaryotic cells?

Back 78

Vacuole, lysosomes and peroxisome

Front 79

In eukaryotic cells: what type of vesicles function to rid the body of toxic components, such as hydrogen peroxide?

Back 79

Peroxisome

Front 80

In eukaryotic cells: what type of vesicles are major sites of oxygen used and energy production?

Back 80

Peroxisome

Front 81

In eukaryotic cells: what organelle produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water?

Back 81

Peroxisome

Front 82

The liver contains many peroxisomes because toxic substances build up here.

Back 82

True

Front 83

In eukaryotic cells: what is the powerhouses of the cell?

Back 83

Mitochondria

Front 84

In eukaryotic cells: what are the locations where the cellular fuel ATP is produced?

Back 84

Mitochondria

Front 85

In eukaryotic cells: what are large kidney bean shaped organelles that are surrounded by membranes?

Back 85

Mitochondria

Front 86

In eukaryotic cells: what is the organelle where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated?

Back 86

Mitochondria

Front 87

The outer membrane of Mitochondria is smooth but the inner membrane is convoluted, with infoldings called cristae in which enzymes are found.

Back 87

The enzymes on the cristae help convert sugar into ATP to power the cell.

Front 88

In eukaryotic cells: what are the cellular tracks that, during mitosis, form the mitotic spindle? (the spindle helps organize and segregate the chromosomes during cell division)

Back 88

Microtubules

Front 89

In eukaryotic cells: what is the region where the cell's microtubules are initiated and that contain a pair of centrioles?

Back 89

Centrosomes

Front 90

What are microtubule-organizing centers that help to form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Back 90

Centrosomes

Front 91

In eukaryotic cells: what is the very large organelle in the central portion of the cell that is enclosed by a double membrane with pores in it?

Back 91

Nucleus

Front 92

In eukaryotic cells: what is the control center of the entire cell and contains the cell's genetic material?

Back 92

Nucleus

Front 93

In eukaryotic cells: what directs all of the activities of the cell?

Back 93

Nucleus

Front 94

In eukaryotic cells: what is the small body within the nucleus that functions to produce ribosomes that get moved to the cytoplasm to make cell proteins?

Back 94

Nucleolus

Front 95

What are organelles that contain chlorophyll?

Back 95

Chloroplasts

Front 96

What allows the capture of sunlight that is used for production of glucose during photosynthesis?

Back 96

Chlorophyll

Front 97

Plant cells need both mitochondria and chloroplast.

Back 97

True

Front 98

What is used to carry out photosynthesis?

Back 98

Chloroplast

Front 99

Plant cells have much larger vacuoles than eukaryotic cells have.

Back 99

True

Front 100

In plant cells but not animal cells:

Back 100

Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
Cell wall
Plasmodesmata

Front 101

What is the outer layer that maintains cell's shape and protect cell from mechanical damage and is made of cellulose, other polysaccharide and protein?

Back 101

Cell wall

Front 102

What is the prominent organelle in older plant cells that functions as storage, breakdown of waste products hydrolysis of macromolecules?

Back 102

Central vacuole

Front 103

In plant cells, what are the channels through cell wall that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells?

Back 103

Plasmodesmata

Front 104

The prokaryotic cell surface is layered first by the plasma membrane, the cell wall and the capsule.

Back 104

True

Front 105

What is the most basic of cell types?

Back 105

Prokaryotic

Front 106

The Nucleoid of the prokaryotic cell contains the DNA. The cytoplasm contains the ribosomes and plasmids.

Back 106

True

Front 107

The surface of an eukaryotic cell is called the cell membrane.

Back 107

True

Front 108

The cytoplasm of an eukaryotic cell surrounds the ER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, vacuoles.

Back 108

True

Front 109

Major difference between plant cell and eukaryotic cell: chloroplasts and cell wall

Back 109

True

Front 110

In prokaryotic (bacterial) cells, the DNA is located in the ____, and in eukaryotic (animal/plant) cells, the DNA is found in the _____.

Back 110

Nucleoid; Nucleus

Front 111

What is the portion of DNA on a chromosome that provides information for an organism's characteristics?

Back 111

Genes

Front 112

What is the condensed, single, very long strands of DNA double helix located in the nucleus of a cell containing hundreds of genes?

Back 112

Chromosomes

Front 113

What is the genetic blueprint for the information of proteins that make up the machinery of the cell?

Back 113

Genes

Front 114

What send messages within the cell and to other cells in the form of a code which is made possible through complementary base pairing?

Back 114

Genes

Front 115

Chromosomes consist of subunits of genes and genes consist of DNA

Back 115

True

Front 116

Within the genes are double stranded molecules of DNA.

Back 116

True

Front 117

Chromosomes, genes, DNA and RNA are the substances that preside over protein production.

Back 117

True

Front 118

What is the compound composed of a large number of amino acids joined in a particular type of chemical bond called peptide bond?

Back 118

Protein

Front 119

_____ are large structures of DNA that contain the ____, the blueprints for making an individual.

Back 119

Chromosomes; genes

Front 120

The central dogma of biology states that ____ gives rise to RNA, which gives rise to protein.

Back 120

DNA

Front 121

To translate the complimentary code on DNA into protein, ____ is required.

Back 121

RNA

Front 122

______ produces a more specialized cell from a less specialized cell.

Back 122

Differentiation

Front 123

What is a mass of cells formed after an egg is fertilized and begins dividing?

Back 123

Zygote

Front 124

What is an early development of an animal or a plant after fertilization?

Back 124

Embryo

Front 125

What are the cells of reproduction?

Back 125

Gametes

Front 126

What is the complete set of DNA for an individual?

Back 126

Genome (contains all genes)

Front 127

What is the organism's underlying genetic makeup or code?

Back 127

Genotype

Front 128

What are the reproductive cells that give rise to sperm or ovum?

Back 128

Germ cells

Front 129

What is the organism that contains cellular organelles and cells that contain nuclei?

Back 129

Eukarya (protist, plants, fungi and animals)

Front 130

What is one set of chromosomes called?

Back 130

Haploid cell

Front 131

What is a protein catalyst?

Back 131

Enzymes