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230 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The circulatory system refers to the heart, blood vessels, and blood and the circulatory system refers only to the blood and ____
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Vesels
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The functions of the circulatory system are transport, regulation, and _______
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protection
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Transport involves blood carrying oxygen to the ____ while it picks up CO2 from those tissues and carries it to the lungs to be removed from the _______
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lungs
body |
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The blood transports nutrients from the ______ system and delivers to all of body _____.
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digestive
body |
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Blood carries metabolic _____ to the kidneys for removal. Carries hormones from the ____ cells for their ____ organs.
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wastes
endocrine target |
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Transports a variety of stem cells for the bone ____ and other origins to the tissues where they lodge and mature.
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marrow
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For protection, the blood plays several roles in _______, a mechanism for limiting the spread of infection.
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inflammation
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Leukocytes or ___ blood cells destroy microorgansims and cancer cells.
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white
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______ and other blood proteins neutralize toxins and help to destroy ______.
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antibodies
pathogens |
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______ secrete factors that initiate blood clotting and other processes for minimizing blood _____.
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Platelets
loss |
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Regulation
By absorbing or giving off ____under different conditions, The blood capillaries help to stabilize fluid _____ to the body. |
fluid
distribution |
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Regulation- By buffering acids and bases, blood ____ help to stabilize the ____ of extracellular fluid.
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proteins
pH |
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Regulation- Shifts in blood ___ help to regulate body ____ by routing blood to the skin for heat ____ or retaining it deeper in the body to conserve heat.
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flow
temperature loss |
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Blood is a liquid connective tissue composed of cells and an _____ matrix. The matrix is the blood ____, a light yellow fluid constituting a little over half of the blood volume.
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extracellular
plasma |
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Suspended in the blood ____ are the formed elements including the WBC, RBC, and _____.
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plasma
platelets |
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Formed elements are membrane enclosed structures. Platelets are fragments torn from ____ marrow cells.
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bone
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RBC are called _____. Biconcave discs no _____. Most plentiful.
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Ethrocytes
nucleus |
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Ethrocytes transport ____ from lungs to body cells and ____ ____ from body cells to lungs.
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oxygen
carbon dioxide |
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White blood cells or ______ are larger than RBCs with nucleus. Cells include Tc and T
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leukocytes
h |
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Leukocytes are made up of granulocytes and ________
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agranulocytes
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Granulocytes include neutrophils, basinophils, and _________.
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eosinophils
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Neutrophils are involved in the ______ removal of foreign particles or _____ and damaged cells.
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phagocytic
bacteria |
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The difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes are that granulocytes have highly ______ in cytoplasm
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granules
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Eosinophils are involved in the ______ removal of allergens and _____ worms.
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phagocytic
parasitic |
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Basinophils have the least. Promotes inflammation by the secretion of ______, contain ____, an anticoagulant.
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histamines
heparin |
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Agranulocytes contain cytoplasmic _____ that are not highly _____.
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granules
visible |
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Agranulocytes include lymphocytes and +++++.
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monocytes
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Monocytes are the largest formed elements. Active phagocytic removal of large ____particles and damaged ____; develops into _____in tissues.
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foreign
cells Macrophages |
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Lymphocytes are more common that monocytes. Lymphocytes produce ______ for the removal of toxins and viruses.
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antibodies
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Lymphocytes the most _____ WBC.
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common
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Platelets round or oval disk less than Half the ____ of RBC with _____
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1/2
nucleus |
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The ratio of ____ elements to plasma can be seen with a centrifuge. _____ settle to he bottom of the tube.
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formed
ethrocytes |
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The percentage of ethrocytes to rest of the total volume of the blood is called the ______
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hematocrit
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WBCs and platelets make up a narrow cream or buff colored zone called the ____ coat above the RBCs. At the top of the tube is the ______
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buffy
plasma |
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Plasma is a complex mixture of water, _____, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous _____, hormones, and gases.
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proteins
wastes |
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When the blood clots and the solids are removed the remaining fluid in the blood is _____
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serum
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Serum is identical to plasma except for the absence of clotting protein, ________
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fibrinogen
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Plasma proteins play a variety of roles including ______, defense, and transport of other solutes such as iron, copper, lipids, and _____ hormones.
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clotting
hydrophobic |
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The 3 major categories of ____ proteins are: albumins, globulins, and ________.
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plasma
fibrinogens |
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Albumin is the smallest and most _____ plasma _____.
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abundant
protein |
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Albumin is a plasma ____ that serves to transport various solutes and buffer the ____ of the plasma.
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protein
pH |
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Albumin also makes a contribution to 2 physical properties of the blood: its ______ and osmolarity.
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viscosity
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Changes in Albumin concentration can change blood ____, pressure, and flow thru osmolarity and viscosity.
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volume
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Globulins are divided into 3 classes: alpha, ____, and gamma globulins.
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beta
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Fibrinogen is a soluble precursor of _____ a sticky protein that forms the framework of a blood ____
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fibrin
clot |
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The liver contributes to all of the plasma ____ except glamma _____.
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proteins
globulins |
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Nitrogenous wastes are the toxic _____ products of ______. These wastes are excreted by the kidney at a rate that balances their production.
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end
catabolism |
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The plasma also transports _____ absorbed by the digestive tract.
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nutrients
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_____ are another important component of the blood plasma. Sodium ions constitute 90% of the plasma ions.
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Electrolytes
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Viscosity and _____ arise from the formed elements and _____
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osmolarity
plasma |
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Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow, resulting from the _____ of its particles. An RBC or protein deficiency ______ the viscosity.
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cohesion
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The osmolarity of the blood (total _____ of those dissolved particles that cannot pass thru the blood vessel wall. Relative reabsorption affected by ____ of the blood versus the tissue fluid.
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molarity
osmolarity |
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if the osmolarity of the blood is too high, the bloodstream absorbs too much ____and this raises BV and BP.
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water
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If the osmolarity is too low, too much water remains in the ++++, they develop edema and the BP will drop very low.
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tissues
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Blood Production- called Hemopoiesis. The first hemopoietic tissues form in the ____ sac, a membrane associated with all vertebrate embryos.
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yolk
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Cell clusters called blood ____ form in the yolk sac by the third week. they produce ____cells.
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islands
stem |
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Blood formation in the bone marrow and lymphatic organs is called respectivley myeloid and _____ hemopoiesis.
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lymphoid
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All formed elements trace their origins to a common type of bone marrow stem cell the _____
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PPSC or Pluripotent Stem Cell or hemopoietic stem cell.
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Pluripotent Stem Cell multiply at ____rate and go on to form ________ units or CFUs.
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slow
colony forming units |
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Blood plasma also requires continual _______
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replacement
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Blood plasma is composed mostly of ____which it obtains by absorption from the _____ tract.
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water
digestive |
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Blood plasma also contains electrolytes and organic ____which come from the _____ tract. Gamma _____ come from connective tissue plasma cells and its other _____ come from the liver
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nutrients
digestive globulins proteins |
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The 2 functions of erthrocytes or RBCs are 1. pick up oxygen from the _____and deliver it to tissues elsewhere. 2 pick up _____ ____ and unload it in the lungs.
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lungs
carbon dioxide |
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Erythrocytes are the most ______ and the most critical to survival.
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abundant
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Erthrocyte is a ______cell with a thick rim and a thin sunken center
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discoidal
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Erthrocytes lack ______ and rely exclusively on anerobic respiration to produce ATP.
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mitochrondria
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Erthyocytes are the only cells of the body that carry on _____ fermentation indefinitely.
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anerboic
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RBCs also lack a ____ and DNA and cannot carry out _____ synthesis.
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nucleus
protein |
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The cytoplasm of an RBC contains mainly 33% ______the red pigment that gives RBC its color and name.
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hemoglobin
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Hemoglobin is known for its _____ transport function.
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oxygen
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Hemoglobin also aids in the transport of ____ _____ and the buffering of the blood pH.
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carbon dioxide
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Hemoglobin consists of 4 protein chains called _____
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globins
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Each chain of hemoglobin is conjugated with a nonprotein moiety called the _____ group.
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heme
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Each heme can carry one molecule of O2. Thus the heme molecule, as a whole, can carry up to ___O2
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4
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About 5% of the ____ _____ in the blood is transported by hemoglobin but is bound to the globin moiety rather than the heme.
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carbon dioxide
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The hematocrit is is the percentage of whole blood volume composed of _____ In men it is between 42 and ___%. In women, it is between 37 and 48%.
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RBCs
52% |
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The hemoglobin concentration of whole blood is normally between 13 to ____
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18
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Androgens stimulate RBC production and men have higher _____ than women.
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androgens
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Women of menstrual age have periodic menstrual _____ of RBCS
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loss
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The hematocrit is inversely proportional to the amount of body _____
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fat
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An RBC lives for an average of ____ days from the time of production in the red ____marrow until it dies and breaks up.
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120
bone |
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Erythropoiesis is the production of _____
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RBCs
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It takes 3 to ____ days for a RBC to be born.
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5
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RBC formation begins when a _____ stem cell becomes an erythrocyte colony forming unit which as receptors for _______
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pluripotent
erythropoietin |
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EPO stimulates the erthrocyte colony forming unit to transform into an _______
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erythroblast
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Erythroblasts multiply and synthesize ______ When completed, the nucleus shrivels and discharges into the _____ The cell is now called a _______
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hemoglobin
cell reticulocyte |
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Reticulocytes leave the bone _____ and enter the circulating blood.
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marrow
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Blood loss stimulates ______and leads to an increasing number of reticulocytes.
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ethropoiesis
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Iron is key part of hemoglobin and nutritional requirement for _______
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ethropoiesis
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Dietary iron exists in Fe2+ and _____
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Fe3+
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Stomach acid converts Fe3+ to ___ the only type that can be absorbed by small intestine
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Fe2+
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A protein, _____ binds to Fe2+ and transports it to small _____
Absorbed in the blood and and binds to plasma protein ______ and travels to the bone marrow, liver, and other tissues. Bone marrow uses Fe2+ for ______ synthesis. Muscle uses it to make protein ____ Nearly all of the cells use iron to make electron transport molecules called cytochromes in their mitochondria. The liver binds surplus iron to a protein called apoferrin, forming an iron storage complex called ferritin. It releases Fe2+ when needed. |
gastroferritin
intestine transferritin hemoglobin myoglobin |
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Some other nutritional requirements for erythropoietin are vitamen ___ vitamen C, copper, and DNA synthesis that occurs in erthryopoiesis.
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B
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hypoxemia- oxygen _____ in the blood. Kidneys detect and increase their EPO output
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defiency
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Hypoxemia can also be caused by a ___ level of O2 in atmosphere. Can also be caused by ____ increase in the body's O2 consumption.
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low
increase |
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In emphysema less ____ tissue is available to oxygenate the blood. ____ can result.
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lung
hypoxemia |
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Expired ethrocytes break up in the liver and ____. Spleen is the graveyard.
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spleen
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Spleen has channels that test the ability of ____ to squeeze thru this organ.
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RBCs
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Hemolysis is the _____ of RBCs. Releases _____and leaves empty plasma membranes.
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rupture
hemoglobin |
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Macrophages separate the ____ from the globulin. Hydrolyze the globulin into free ____ acids. Macrophage releases iron of heme into the blood and the rest becomes greenish pigment: ______
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heme
amino billverdin |
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Billiverdin is converted into ______, a yellow green pigment by macrophages and binds to albumin in blood plasma. Liver removes and makes ______
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bilirubin
bile |
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Bile becomes concentrated and stored in ______
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gallbladder
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Billiverdin and billirubin together known as ______ pigments.
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bile
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Bacteria convert bilirubin to uribilinogen which is responsible for brown color of _____
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feces
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Billiverdin and ______ together known as bile pigments.
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bilirubin
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An excess of _____ cells is called Polycythemia.
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RBCs
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A deficiency of hemoglobin or RBCs is _______
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anemia
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Primary _____ is due to cancer of the erythropoietic line of red bone _____
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polycythemia
marrow |
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Dehydration, smoking, excessive ______ exercise, emphysema, high altitude, and air pollution are all causes of _______.
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aerobic
polycythemia |
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Dangers of polycythemia are: increased blood volume, ____, and pressure.
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viscosity
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In polycythemia ______ is poor. Chronic _____ can lead to embolism, ______, and heart failure.
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circulation
polycythemia stroke |
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The causes of anemia are: inadequate ______ or hemoglobin synthesis, hemoraghic anemia from excessive bleeding, and hemolytic anemia from RBC______
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ethropoiesis
destruction |
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Anemia often results from _____ failure because RBC production depends upon the hormone, ethyropoietin which is produced mainly by the _____
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kidney
kidneys |
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Ethropoietin also declines with ____
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age
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Iron deficiency anemia results from poor _____
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nutrition
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A deficiency of vitamen B12 or ____factor which the small intestine needs to absorb B12 causes ______anemia.
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intrinsic
pernincious |
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Hypoplastic ______ caused by a decline in ethryopoiesis.
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anemia
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Aplastic anemia is a complete cessation of +++++ leads to necrosis, black tissue. adolescents young adults
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ethyropoiesis
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3 consequences of anemia: 1. hypoxia (O2 deprivation) so ____ short of breath upon exertion. Severe anemia may cause life threating necrosis. 2. Blood _____ reduced. Fluid transfer from intercellular spaces. 3. Blood _____ reduced. Blood puts up little resistance to flow so heart beats faster and cardiac failure may occur.
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lethargic
osmolarity viscosity |
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Sickle cell anemia caused by a _____ allele that modifies the structure of ++++++
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recessive
hemoglobin |
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Sickle cell anemia- one different +++++ acid.
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amino
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If 2 carriers for Sickle Cell reproduce, there children have a 25% chance of being +++++and having the disease.
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homozygous
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Sickle cell HbS does not bind O2 well. ++++++Leads to stroke, heart failure, rheumatism, or _____
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Agglutinates
paralysis |
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Pleiotropy multiple phenotypic effects from the change in a single +++++
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gene
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People heterozygous for sick cell anemia are resistant to +++++
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malaria
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Blood types result from the interaction of antigens and ++++++
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antibodies
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Antigens are complex molecules such as ______, glycoproteins, glycolipids are genetically unique to each individual. Occur on the surfaces of all cells and help the body to distinguish its own _____from foreign matter. Activates the ______ response.
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proteins
cells immune |
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Antibodies bind to _____ and mark them or the cells bearing them for ++++++. One method of antibody action is ++++++in which antibody molecules bind _____ molecules together
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antigens
destruction agglutination antigen |
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Large antigen-antibody complexes, as a result of ++++++, immobilize antigens until immune cells can break them down.
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agglutination
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Antigens on the surface of RBCs are called agglutinogens and on the blood plasma antibodies are called ++++++
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agglutins
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Blood type determined by the hereditary presence of antigens A and B on your +++++
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RBCs
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The antibodies that react against antigen A are called ++++++
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anti-A
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The antibodies that react against antigen B are called _______
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anti-B
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The plasma proteins are albumin, fibrinogen, and ++++++. ______ is used during the blood clotting process. Globulins are enzymes and antibodies in ++++++. Albumin is concerned with osmotic regulation and pH ++++++
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globulins
Fibrinogen immunity buffering |
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Type AB has surface antigens ++++++ but neither ____ or B antibodies. Type O has no A or B _____. Type O does have anti-A and anti-B +++++
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A and B
A antigens antibodies |
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The combination of surface antigens and +++++antibodies = agglutination and hemolysis.
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opposing
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Type A will agglutinate with ++++ or AB. If A does not agglutinate it is A or ====
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B
O |
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Type B will agglutinate with +++++ or AB. If B does not agglutinate, it is ____ or O.
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B
B |
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Type AB donor will agglutinate with O, A , and B because has ____ for all.
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antigens
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Type O donor will not agglutinate with A, B, AB, or O because has anti A and _____ antibodies. Antigen comes from RBC and ++++ comes from plasma
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antiB
antibody |
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Blood type AB is the universal ______ because individuals who have blood type AB does not have the antibodies. They do not have the anti-A or Anti-B antibodies. They can receive all types of blood types: A,B,O,AB
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recipient
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a universal blood donor can give blood to anyone, and that a universal recipient can ______ blood from anyone.
Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_blood_type_AB_the_universal_recipient#ixzz1tF4GLOgf |
receive
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Blood is a liquid connective tissue composed of about 55% plasma and _____ formed elements
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45%
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Blood Plasma is the clear fluid in which the _____ ______are suspended in. Mixture of water, nutrients, electrolytes, wastes, hormones, gases, and proteins. Its major proteins are: albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen.
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formed elements
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The _______ of the blood, stemming mainly from its RBC’s and proteins, is an important factor in blood flow
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viscosity
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The osmolarity of blood, stemming mainly from RBCs, proteins, and_____governs its water content and is thus a major factor in blood volume and pressure.
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sodium
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The protein contribution to osmolarity is called ______OSMOTIC PRESSURE.
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Colloid
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. Hemopoiesis is production of the formed elements of the blood. It begins in the embryonic ____sac and continues in the fetal bone marrow, liver, spleen, and thymus.
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yolk
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From infancy onward, it occurs in the bone marrow (______hemopoiesis) and lymphoid tissues (lymphoid hemopoiesis).
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myeloid
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The most important components of the cytoplasm are Hemoglobin Hb and Carbonic Anahydrase CAH. Hb transports nearly all of the oxygen and some of the carbon dioxide in the blood. CAH catalyses the _______reaction CO2+ H2OH2CO3
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reversible
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About 5% of the ______ _____ in the blood binds to the globin moiety for transport.
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carbon dioxide
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The quantities of RBC’s and Hb are clinically important. They are measured in terms of HEMATOCRIT (percentage of the blood volume composed of RBCs to +++++ ++++++), HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION (g/dL), and RBC count.
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blood volume
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Agglutination is the result of mismatch between antigen and +++++ and causes a ______ reaction.
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antibody
transfusion |
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Rh positive and negative named for a ______. Positive has DD or Dd and Rh negative has dd.
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monkey
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Rh- woman become pregnant with Rh+ baby. Next baby will get anti D antibodies and contract ______ disease of new born or erthyroblastaosis fetalis. Treated with phototherapy
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hemolytic
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Leukocytes differ from RBCs in that Leukocytes have ++++++
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organelles
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Monocytes and +++++ are agranulocytes.
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lymphocytes
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Granulocytes include neutrophils, basinophils and +++++++
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eosinophils
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Neutrophils are the most abundant ++++++
|
leukocyte
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Neutrophils have varied shape. 3 to 5 lobes. Polymorphonuclear ++++++
|
leukocytes
|
|
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High white blood cell count- ----------
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neutrophilia
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Primary function of neutrophils is to kill ______
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bacteria
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Eosinophils are associated with allergies, ______ infections, and diseases of spleen and nervous system
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parasitic
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|
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Basinophils are the rarest WBC and formed +++++
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element
|
|
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Basionophils secrete histamine and heparin. Histamine is a ++++++ that widens the blood vessels and speeds the flow of blood to the injured tissue.
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vasodilator
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|
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Histamine is a vasodilator that makes the blood vessels more +++++ so that blood components such as neutrophils and clotting proteins can get into connective tissues quickly.
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permeable
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|
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Heparin is an ++++++ that inhibits blood clotting and promotes the mobility of other WBCs in the area. Release chemical signals that attract eosinophils and neutrophils.
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anticoagulant
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lymphocytes are 2nd to neutrophils in +++++=
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abundance
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Monocytes are the largest +++++
|
WBCs
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|
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The monocyte count rises in inflammation and +++++ infection.
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viral
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|
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Moncytes transform into ++++++
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macrophages
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|
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Macrophages are APCs or +++++
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antigen presenting cells
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Leukopoiesis is the production of _____ and begins with pluripotent cell like ethrypoiesis.
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WBCs
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Myeloblasts idfferentiate into granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and ++++++
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basophils
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Monoblasts become ++++++
|
monocytes
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Lymphoblasts become +++++
|
lymphocytes
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When leukocytes die, they are ++++++ and digested by macrophages.
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phagocytized
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|
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A low WBC count is ++++++
A high WBC count is +++++ |
leukopenia
leukocytosis |
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A WBC count above ten thousand is called
|
Leukocytosis
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|
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A WBC count less than 5000 is called _____
|
Leukopenia
|
|
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Leukemia is a cancer of the ++++++ tissues. High WBC count. Chronic leukemia develops slowly.
|
Hemopoietic
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|
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Myeloid Leukemia- high _____
Lymphoid Leukemia- uncontrolled _______ count |
granulocytes
lymphocytes |
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In leukemia the deficiency of competent WBCs, leaves the patient susceptible to ++++++ infections.
|
opportunistic
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Platelets are not cells but small fragments of +++++ cells. Called megakarocytes.
|
marrow
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|
|
Platelets are the second most abundant elements after +++++
|
RBCs
|
|
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Platelets secrete vasoconstricters, chemicals that stimulate spasmodic _______ of broken vessels that help reduce ______ loss
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constriction
blood |
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Hemostasis is the cessation of +++++
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bleeding
|
|
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Platelets stick together to form temporary platelet ______that seal small breaks in injured blood vessels
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plugs
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|
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Platelets secrete procoagulants or +++++ factors which promote blood clotting
|
clotting
|
|
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Platelets intiate the formation of a clot-dissolving enzyme that _____ blood clots that have outlasted their usefulness
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dissolve
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Platelets secrete chemicals that attract neutrophils and monocytes to places of ++++++
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inflammation
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Platelets internalize and destroy ======
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bacteria
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|
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Platelets secrete _____ factors that stimulate mitosis in fibroblasts and smooth muscle and thus help to maintain and repair blood vessels
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growth
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The production of platelets is a division of hemopoiesis called ++++++
|
thrombopoiesis
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Most platelets are stored in the _____
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spleen
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The tendrils of a megakarocyte are ++++++
|
platelets
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the 3 hemostatic mechanisms are: vascular spasm, _____ plug formation, and blood clotting.
|
platelet
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|
|
The vascular spasm is the most prompt protection against ____ loss. It is a prompt _____ of a blood vessel.
|
blood
constriction |
|
|
Vascular spasm-- injury stimulates ____ receptors some of which inervate ____ vessels and cause them to constrict.
|
pain
blood |
|
|
Injury to the smooth muscle itself, causes a longer lasting vasoconstriction and platelets release ______, a chemical vasoconstrictor. the vascular spasm is maintained long enough for the other 2 clotting mechanisms to come into play.
|
serotonin
|
|
|
When a vessel is broken, collagen fibers are exposed to the blood. Upon contact with the collagen, the platelets grow long spiny ______that adhere to the vessel and to the other platelets. the psuedopods then contract and draw the walls of the vessel together. The mass of platelets formed is called a _____ plug which may reduce or stop the bleeding.
|
psuedopods
platelet |
|
|
As platelets aggregate they undergo degranulation- the exocytosis of their cytoplasmic granules and release of factors that promote ______
|
hemostasis
|
|
|
Platelet factors include serotonin, ADP, and _________
|
thromboxane
|
|
|
Coagulation or _____ of the blood is the last but most effective defense against bleeding
|
clotting
|
|
|
The purpose of clotting is to convert the plasma protein fibrinogen into ______, a sticky protein that aderes to walls of vessel.
|
fibrin
|
|
|
2 reaction pathways to clotting: intrinsic and _____
|
extrinsic
|
|
|
Extrinsic pathway initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and tissue Clotting factors come from outside the ______
|
blood
|
|
|
Instrinsic pathway- uses only clotting factors found in the ____
|
blood
|
|
|
Clotting factors are called ______
|
procoagulants
|
|
|
Clotting reaction occurs in a series of reactions called a ______ cascade.
|
reaction
|
|
|
Coagulation is initiated by release of _______ factor III. All factors are on p711
|
thromboplastin
|
|
|
Thrombin is an enzyme that chops up fibrinogen into shorter strands of _____
|
fibrin
|
|
|
The cascade of enzymatic reactions acts to amplify rapid _____ of blood.
|
clotting
|
|
|
Clot retraction- clot becomes more _____
|
compact
|
|
|
Platelets secrete a mitotic stimulant called PDGF or platelet derived _____ factor which stimulates fibroblasts and smooth muscle to multiply and repair damaged blood vessel.
|
growth
|
|
|
Fibrinolysis is the _______ of a clot.
|
dissolution
|
|
|
Plasmin is a fibrin-dissolving enzyme that breaks up the _____
|
clot
|
|
|
Dilution causes thrombin not to _____
|
clot
|
|
|
Thrombin is suppressed by _______
|
anticoagulants
|
|
|
Heparin secreted by basophils and ____ cells interfere with the formation of prothrombin which blocks the formation of thrombin.
|
mast
|
|
|
Clotting deficiencies can result from malnutrition, leukemia, and ______
|
gallstones
|
|
|
A deficiency of any clotting factor can shut down the ______ cascade.
|
coagulation
|
|
|
Platelets PDGF platelet derived _____ factor multiply and repair blood vessel
|
growth
|
|
|
Fibrinolysis is the ______ of a clot
|
dissolution
|
|
|
A deficiency of any clotting factor can shut down the coagulation ++++++. Hemophilia is characterized by deficiencies of one clotting factor or another.
|
cascade
|
|
|
Hemophilia has sex-linked _____ gene.
|
recessive
|
|
|
Thrombus is an abnormal clotting of blood in an ______ vessel.
|
unbroken
|
|
|
An embolus is the breaking of a thrombus that has grown large enough to obstruct a small vessel. The embolus is the broken off pieces that has begun to ______ in the blood.
|
travel
|
|
|
A _____ is the abnormal clotting of an unbroken vessel.
|
thrombus
|
|
|
When a piece breaks off of a thrombus that obstructs a small vessel and the piece travels in the blood called _____May lodge in a small artery and block blood flow.
|
embolus
|
