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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
alleles
genes located at the same point on corresponding (paired) chromosomes and related to the same physical characteristic.
canalization
tight genetic control of a particular aspect of development.
chromosome
rodlike structure that resides in the nucleus of every cell of the body and contains genes that guide growth and development; each chromosome is made up of DNA and other biological instructions.
codominance
situation in which the two genes of an allele pair, although not identical, both have some influence on a characteristic
dizygotic twins
twins that began as two separate zygotes and so are as genetically similar as two siblings conceived and born at different times.
DNA
a spiral-staircase-shaped molecule that guides the production of proteins needed by the body for growth and development; short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
dominant gene
gene that overrides any competing instructions in an allele pair.
gamete
reproductive cell that, in humans, contains 23 chromosomes rather than the 46 chromosomes present in other cells in the body; a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (ovum) join at conception.
gene
basic unit of heredity in a living cell; genes are made up of DNA and contained on chromosomes.
meiosis
the process of cell division and reproduction by which gametes are formed.
monozygotic twins
twins that began as a single zygote and so share the same genetic makeup.
polygenic inheritance
situation in which many genes combine in their influence on a particular characteristic.
recessive gene
gene that influences growth and development primarily when the other gene in the allele pair is identical to it.
zygote
cell formed when a male sperm joins with a female ovum; with healthy genes and nurturing conditions in the uterus, it may develop into a fetus and be born as a live infant.
embryo
during prenatal weeks two through eight, the developing being that is in the process of forming major body structures and organs.
fetus
during prenatal week nine until birth, the developing being that is growing in size and weight and in sensory abilities, brain structures, and organs needed for survival.
mitosis
the process of cell duplication by which chromosomes are preserved and a human being or other biological organism can grow.
prenatal development
growth that takes place between conception and birth.
teratogen
potentially harmful substance that can cause damaging effects during prenatal development.
perception
interpretation of stimuli that the body has sensed.
premature infant
infant born early (before 37 weeks of prenatal growth) and sometimes with serious medical problems.
reflex
automatic motor response to stimuli.
sensation
physiological detection of stimuli in the environment.
state of arousal
physiological condition of sleepiness or wakefulness.