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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
alleles
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genes located at the same point on corresponding (paired) chromosomes and related to the same physical characteristic.
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canalization
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tight genetic control of a particular aspect of development.
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chromosome
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rodlike structure that resides in the nucleus of every cell of the body and contains genes that guide growth and development; each chromosome is made up of DNA and other biological instructions.
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codominance
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situation in which the two genes of an allele pair, although not identical, both have some influence on a characteristic
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dizygotic twins
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twins that began as two separate zygotes and so are as genetically similar as two siblings conceived and born at different times.
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DNA
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a spiral-staircase-shaped molecule that guides the production of proteins needed by the body for growth and development; short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
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dominant gene
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gene that overrides any competing instructions in an allele pair.
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gamete
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reproductive cell that, in humans, contains 23 chromosomes rather than the 46 chromosomes present in other cells in the body; a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (ovum) join at conception.
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gene
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basic unit of heredity in a living cell; genes are made up of DNA and contained on chromosomes.
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meiosis
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the process of cell division and reproduction by which gametes are formed.
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monozygotic twins
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twins that began as a single zygote and so share the same genetic makeup.
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polygenic inheritance
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situation in which many genes combine in their influence on a particular characteristic.
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recessive gene
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gene that influences growth and development primarily when the other gene in the allele pair is identical to it.
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zygote
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cell formed when a male sperm joins with a female ovum; with healthy genes and nurturing conditions in the uterus, it may develop into a fetus and be born as a live infant.
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embryo
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during prenatal weeks two through eight, the developing being that is in the process of forming major body structures and organs.
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fetus
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during prenatal week nine until birth, the developing being that is growing in size and weight and in sensory abilities, brain structures, and organs needed for survival.
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mitosis
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the process of cell duplication by which chromosomes are preserved and a human being or other biological organism can grow.
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prenatal development
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growth that takes place between conception and birth.
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teratogen
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potentially harmful substance that can cause damaging effects during prenatal development.
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perception
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interpretation of stimuli that the body has sensed.
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premature infant
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infant born early (before 37 weeks of prenatal growth) and sometimes with serious medical problems.
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reflex
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automatic motor response to stimuli.
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sensation
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physiological detection of stimuli in the environment.
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state of arousal
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physiological condition of sleepiness or wakefulness.
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