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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a team? |
Group of people who are - Supportive and/or depend on eachother - feel a collective identity, distinct us from them - structure modes of communication (nonverbal, Jargon) - common goals - collective self efficacy - needs trust or else no self efficacy and cohesion |
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what is the linear explanation of how teams form? |
Linear (Tuckerman 1965) - Forming - everybody gets together to become a group, assessing socially and comparing to eachother. - Storming - everybody is trying to get a role, there is resistance to some roles - Norming - increase solidarity and cohesion, ppl accept their place and ability - Performing - trust that they have to use relationship to be successful and want to problem solve - Adjourning - breaking up of team, planning for future and have regrets. |
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what is the pendular explanation of how teams form? |
(Gersick 1988) (better because acknowledges that storming will happen multiple times) -Orientation-share what your goals are, similar anxieties as others, positivity -differentiation and conflict-where ppl are competing for positions, cliques or small groups are forming -resolution and cohesion-sharing common concerns -differentiation and conflict-scapegoating or fingerpointing *from here can swing back and forth until termination -Termination-our results are dependent of how we feel, or why we are not getting results |
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what are roles? and what are the two types of roles? |
A)shared expectations of behavior that differentiate members, B)Formal (assigned), Informal (evolve from group) |
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What is needed in roles to ensure team effectiveness? |
-Role clarity vs ambiguity (understand role) -Role acceptance (enact the role despite wanting to be the star) |
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what are the 3 role conflicts? |
-intrarole-single role produces contradictory demands of person in role (told to be aggressive then given a penalty for doing so)diff ppl expect diff things -interrole- differing expectancies between two roles (being a coach and a player or father and player) -Person- role-unable/unwilling to fulfill duties (moved to new position or team) |
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what are group norms? |
Formal or informal structured rules to govern the manner which the group is organized and maintained. Establishes: effort, attitudes, hierarchy |
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How are group norms developed? |
-Via critical members (captains, liked players, coaches) - Explicit statements -critical events in teams history sets a precedent -Primacy - first behaviours sets expectations -carryout behaviours - behaviours used with past groups *BUT be careful may not be compatible |
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What is group/team composition? |
degree of hetero/homogeneity and can affect interactions and productivity, |
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for type of group personality composition do u want? |
Research is mixed, depends on same attitudes to the sport, = good results not dependent on age, ethnicity, economic background.. |
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what composition of skills and abilities do u want? |
-similarity in performance for sports of similar task (doubles tennis) want similarity in ability -more diversity sports (hockey) with distinct tasks you want different ppl with different skills |
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What is Stienlers model for groups and performance? |
As the group size increases = more potential for group productivity BUT efficiency of group processes may suffer (difficult to coordinate functions-practice)= decrease in performance. |
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In steinlers model for performance what is performance dependent on? |
- how much ability each member has -ability relative to team members combined with -effort each member contributes -effectiveness of team strategies (timing, predicting actions of teamates) -interaction with eachother is absolutely nessecary *GROUP processes are more important than individual skill |
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What is social loafing? how do u reduce it? |
A)Decreased effort by members when performing team activity. B) When individual outputs can be measured -individ contributions are seen as significant -task has meaning -positive feelings for eachother -other teamates are seen to be lower in abiltiy -competition is high in ability -Empathy of player position is gained |
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what is team cohesion? and the 2 types of cohesion? |
A) a dynamic process reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its goals and objectives B) Task - degree that group members work towards a common goal - social - degree of interpersonal attraction between group members (you like eachother) |
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What are the determinants of group cohesion? |
-personal satisfaction -communication -team prior success -team efficacy/collective efficacy,(enhanced in mastery climate) -NOTE: Hazing can only increase cohesion if everyone participates not just rookies |
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What are the consequences of cohesion? |
-improved performance (more coactive sports) -improved team efficacy -team stability -perceived psych momentum -enhanced mood -personal satisfaction and growth |
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how to build cohesion in a team |
-choose an intervention approach - direct (via athletes) - indirect (via coaches) -have pride -Proximity - physical closeness, frequency of interaction, communication,(MAKE MEETINGS IN A SMALL ROOM) - Trust - honesty, personal closure -leadership is...asked on next slide |
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What factors of leadership are needed to build cohesion? |
-compatibility -decision making style -perceived fairness -known beyond sport -passionate and involved -individual roles in group success are acknowledged -use drills to highlight need for interaction -highlight successes even after a loss -enhance satisfaction - it is a circular cycle the more satisfaction the more cohesion then on and on and on and on and on and on and on |
