Teaching The Middle School Child

Front 1

Piaget's first stage of development

Back 1

Sensorimotor stage (infancy)
knowledge of world based on physical interaction/experiences

Front 2

Piaget's second stage of development

Back 2

Pre-operational stage(toddler and early childhood)
intelligence demonstrated through use of symbols, language matures, and memory and imagination are developed- thinking is non-logical

Front 3

Piaget's third stage of development

Back 3

Concrete operational stage (elementary and early adolescence)
Intelligence demonstrated through logical and systematic manipulation of symbols related to concrete objects. Operational thinking develops

Front 4

Piaget's fourth stage of development

Back 4

Formal operation (adolescence and adulthood) Intelligence is demonstrated through logical use of symbols related to abstract concepts

Front 5

Two major themes of Vygotsky's social-cultural theory

Back 5

1. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition (growing in knowledge
2. Potential for cognitive devel. depends upon the "zone of proximal development."

Front 6

Principles of Vygotsky's social-cultural theory

Back 6

1. Cognitive devel. is limited to a certain range at any given age
2. Full cognitive devel. requires social interaction.

Front 7

Compare Piaget and Vygotsky's theories

Back 7

1. Both agree that children's cognitive development took place in stages
2. Both agreed that social factors play a central role in a child's development

Front 8

Contrast Piaget and Vygotsky's theories

Back 8

1. Piaget believed that development led to learning and Vygotsky believed that learning led to devel.
2. Piaget is criticized for lack of emphasis on the role of language in cognitive devel. while Vygotsky stressed this emphasis on the role of language in cognitive devel.

Front 9

Physical development in adolescents

Back 9

1. Rapid growth spurt with skeletal and structural changes bringing the onset of puberty
boys- around 14
girls- around 12

Front 10

Characteristics of cognitive devel. in young adolescents

Back 10

1. develop from concrete to formal operations( abstract ideas)
2. analyze and synthesize info.
3. engage in formal reasoning
4. Make reasoned Moral and Ethical Choices
5. Develop increased language skills

Front 11

Characteristics of psychosocial devel. in young adolescents

Back 11

1. interact socially
2. form and change friendships
3. Shift affiliation from parents to friends
4. Seek freedom from adult authority
5. Occupied with appearance
6. Demonstrate disturbing aggressive and argumentative behavior

Front 12

Learner-centered curriculum framework

Back 12

emphasis on the learner

Front 13

Subject-centered curriculum framework

Back 13

emphasis on the subject

Front 14

Teaching in the middle school requires...

Back 14

1. strong academic preparation
2. professional training in education
3. Profes. training to teach 10-15 year olds
4. A desire to teach this age
5. A desire to help students in this crucial developmental period
6. A willingness to address a wide array of student differences

Front 15

Middle school philosophy of ed

Back 15

1. grades 6-8
2. student centered
3. team focused (teaching teams and student teams)
4. teachers are nurturing "my kids mentality"

Front 16

Junior high philosophy of ed

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1. grades 7-9
2. subject centered
3. focus on individual achievement
4. Teachers are strict- straight laced

Front 17

Goals of the middle school

Back 17

meet the needs and interests of young adolescents

Front 18

The ideal middle school would eliminate the following

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academic honor society, competitive sports, and subject matter orientation

Front 19

Focus of the middle school

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1. provide educational experiences reflecting devel. and instructional needs of this age
2. implement advisor-advisee programs, exploratory programs, interdisciplinary teaming and organize., positive school climates
3. refine the skills of the adolescents learned in elem. school
4. opportunities to explore curricular areas and unique abilities and talents

Front 20

Adolescent defined

Back 20

- between ages 10-15
- experiencing similar physical, psychosocial, and cognitive changes common in this period
- exhibit tremendous cultural, gender, developmental, and indiv. diversity that needs to be considered by teachers who plan educational experiences

Front 21

The goal of the middle school is to address this primarily...

Back 21

to be developmentally responsive

Front 22

A positive middle school is

Back 22

safe, inviting, and caring

Front 23

The effective curriculum of the middle school should ideally reflect what?

Back 23

reflects the interests, concerns, and thinking levels of young adolescents

Front 24

How does one prepare adolescents to work as a team?

Back 24

- learn to organize for action individually and as a group
- group planning, management, evaluation, and self-evaluation

Front 25

If curriculum is ____________, then instruction is ____________

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"what is taught"
"how things are taught"

Front 26

What causes more deaths among adolescents than guns and illicit drug use combined?

Back 26

Alcohol

Front 27

Evidence of early stages of depression in an adolescent

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irritability, negativity, sarcasm, criticism

Front 28

Howard Gardner's seven intelligences

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1. logical mathematical- enjoys solving problems, finding patterns, outlining
2. linguistic
3. spatial- design, invent, imagine, and create
4. bodily kinesthetic- learn through physical movement, mimicking, and touching
5. musical/rhythmic
6. interpersonal- understands people- feelings of others
7. intrapersonal- understands self- emotions, motivations, and moods

Front 29

An advisor serves his advisees in these four capacities.

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advocate, guide, group leader, and liasions with parents

Front 30

Our classroom instruction in the middle school is designed to...

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1. allow students to gain knowledge
2. engage in disciplined inquiry
3. develop attitudes
4. learn skills they can use outside of school

Front 31

In our instruction, we must allow students to ...

Back 31

explain, explore, analyze, reflect, and apply learning

Front 32

Planning is necessary for instruction for these two main reasons.

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Planning provides continuity of instruction and efficient use of time

Front 33

I can encourage my students to progress from concrete thinking to more abstract reasoning by doing this.

Back 33

Make the connection between prior knowledge and new ideas.

Front 34

The most common type of middle school organization of teachers is...

Back 34

interdisciplinary teams
- one teacher from each of the core curriculum disciplines

Front 35

The reason a school may choose the organizational concept of looping (same teacher following students throughout middle school) is...

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1. The teacher will know and understand the academic needs of each student
2. can personalize instruction and increase student productivity
3. can develop a strong rapport w/ parents

Front 36

The three instructional domains are...

Back 36

1. cognitive or intellectual
2. affective or psychosocial
3. psychomotor or physical

Front 37

"Memorize" is not a synonym of ...

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understand.

Front 38

Many middle school classrooms are group centered and project centered because

Back 38

adolescents enjoy learning and thinking cooperatively and collaborating in learning projects that are hands-on.

Front 39

As a teacher to middle school children, a common theme in the text is that our teaching material and methods must be...

Back 39

"developmentally responsive."

Front 40

To have a balance between child-centered and subject-centered education, perhaps one way to see things is this way.

Back 40

I am not primarily a sixth grade teacher if Literature, but I teach individual students.

Front 41

A learner centered curriculum focuses on

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- learners indiv. needs, self esteem and attitude
- stimulates and facilitates student activity
- seeks student input on content to be studied and instructional methods

Front 42

A subject-centered curriculum focuses on

Back 42

- group/class welfare
- stresses lecturing and obedience
- focuses on main ideas

Front 43

The physical needs of a 10-15 year old affects their

Back 43

self esteem and sense of identity

Front 44

The psychosocial needs of 10-15 year olds affect their

Back 44

search for independence

Front 45

The cognitive needs of a 10-15 year old affects

Back 45

wide range of thinking abilitiesm attention spans, and interests

Front 46

When the skills learned in one class are referenced in other classes, the result is

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students see the relevance of acquiring that skill set.

Front 47

Subjects in the core curriculum are

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Language Arts, Social studies, science, and Mathmatics

Front 48

Related curricular domains are

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PC/Health, music, art

Front 49

Four goals for Middle School Language Arts are as follows:

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- read, comprehend, and appreciate written material
- listen effectively
- speak in formal and informal situations to both large and small groups
- communicate in writing using various writing strategies
- communicate effectively

Front 50

New trends in teaching Social studies are as follows:

Back 50

- place more emphasis on geography
- use lit-based approaches to teach Social studies
- focus on nations increased cultural diversity