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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Steady Green light from control tower
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Cleared for takeoff
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Flashing Green signal from control tower
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Cleared to Taxi
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Steady Red signal from control tower
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STOP
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Flasing Red signal from contol tower
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Taxi clear of landing area, runway in use!
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Flashing White signal from control tower
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Return to starting point on airport
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Alternating Red and Green signal from control tower
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Exercise extreme caution
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Black sign with yellow lettering
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Location sign, tells you which taxiway you are on
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Yellow sign with black lettering
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Direction sign, tells you where to go. These signs will ALWAYS have arrows
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What color lines designate taxiways?
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Yellow
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What color lines designate ground vehicle traffic
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White
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Yellow sign with black lettering, description or abbreviation indicating a certain location, always have arrows.
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Destination Signs
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Red sign with white letters
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Hold Position sign, stop here unless given permission to proceed by ATC
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Red sign with white letters "ILS"
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Instrument Landing System zone, stop before this sign during IFR conditions unless given permission to proceed.
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Where are the danger areas behind a jet aircraft while the engines are at idle? While the engines are at full power?
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100 ft. behind at idle,
200 ft. behind at full power |
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Where is the danger area in front of the engines on a jet aircraft while they are running?
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In an arc around the front area of the engines and 25 feet out. This includes the area beside the engines near the intake.
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What does this signal mean?
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Flagman directs pilot to Signalman if necessary
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What does this signal mean?
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Stop
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What does this signal mean?
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Cut Engines
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What does this signal mean?
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Start Engines
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What does this signal mean?
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Pull Chocks
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What does this signal mean?
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Insert Chocks
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What does this signal mean?
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Slow Down
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What does this signal mean?
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All Clear (OK)
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What does this signal mean?
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Left Turn
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What does this signal mean?
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Right Turn
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What does this signal mean?
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Night Operation
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What does this signal mean?
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Move Forward
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What does this signal mean?
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Come Ahead
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Where should the Signalman stand when marshalling an airplane?
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Where should the signalman be when directing towing? With what 3 people does he need to maintain line-of-sight?
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Line-of-sight must be maintained with the pilot (or brake man), the wing-walker on the opposite side, and the tow driver.
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What additive does Avgas use to boost its Octane Rating?
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Lead
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What color is Avgas?
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Blue, because of added dye
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What does a fuel's Octane Rating indicate?
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A fuel's ability to resist detonation
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Will Avgas work in a jet engine? How about Jet Fuel in a gas engine?
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Yes, No
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Define "Flashpoint," also known as "Reid Vapor Pressure."
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The pressure above a liquid required to prevent vapors from escaping the liquid at a given temperature.
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What is the vapor pressure of Avgas? (100LL)
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7lb/sq. in. (7 lbs of pressure per square inch are required to PREVENT vaporization)
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What is the Vapor Pressure of Jet A? Jet B?
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Jet A: < 0.1 psi @ 100 degrees F,
Jet B: 2-3 lbs/sq. in. @ 100 degrees F |
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What is atmospheric pressure at sea level?
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~14 lb/sq. in.
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Given atmospheric pressure at sea level being what it is, what pressure must Avgas be under to vaporize at sea level?
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-7 lb/sq. in. (since at sea level pressure is 14lb/sq. in., Pressure on the Avgas must be -7 lb/sq. in. to bring total pressure down to 7, the Vapor Pressure of 100LL.
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What occurs when the ignition timing is set too early?
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There is a loss of power because the piston is being driven back down by the explosion during the compression stroke, instead of at the beginning of the power stroke.
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What happens when ignition timing is too late?
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There is a loss of power because the explosion is "chasing" the piston back down after the compression stroke, and therefore not adding much energy to the power stroke.
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Describe "Optimum Timing"
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The explosion begins a little before Top Dead Center (TDC) so that the explosion is in full force just as the piston finished compression. Therefore, all of the explosive force works to push the piston back down at the right moment for the Power stroke.
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Symptoms are very similar for too low octane in fuel and ignition timing being off. What are these symptoms?
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Loss of power combined with high cylinder head temperature.
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What is "pre-ignition?"
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Pre-ignition is when the fuel/air mixture inside the cylinders ignites too early, usually because of "hot spots" or valve feathering.
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What are "hot-spots" inside a cylinder?
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Usually carbon deposits that get very hot and ignite the fuel/air mixture prematurely inside the cylinder.
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What is Vapor Lock?
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Vapor lock occurs when fuel vaporizes inside the fuel lines, blocking the flow of fuel to the engine.
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What is the Freeze Point of Jet A-1?
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-47 degrees C (-52.6 degrees F)
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What is the freeze point of Jet A?
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-40 degrees C (-40 degrees F)
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What is the Freeze Point of Jet B?
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-50 degrees C (-58 degrees F), Usually used by the Military.
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How full should you keep the fuel tanks on an aircraft?
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ALMOST full, where there is the least amount of atmosphere inside the tanks possible without risk of overflowing if temperature increases and fuel expands.
Less atmosphere = less condensation = less water contamination |
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Describe how water drops out of Avgas. Out of Jet fuel?
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Avgas: quickly
Jet Fuel: much more slowly |
