Tc 201 Exam 3

Front 1

DVD Features

Back 1

Pause live-TV
Record programs
Fast-forward
Live TV Buffer

In some you can download to an external hard-drive

Front 2

OLED Features
(Advantages)

Back 2

Thinner lighter and more flexible than crystal

Brighter

Consume less power

Larger fields of view

Front 3

OLED Features
(Dis-Advantages)

Back 3

Lifetime

Manufacturing

Water

Front 4

Features of Plasmas

Back 4

< 2 in thick (like LCD)

Brighter than LCD

Can be seen from 160 angle *LCD can't*
(no polorization features)

Easily can be larger than LCds

Problem with burn-in

Can be supported by SED

Illuminates tiny colored florcented lights to form an image *each pixel made of red, green, blue lights*
=> varies in intensities of the different lights to produce different colors.

Front 5

Polarization

Back 5

Aborbs most of the light that strikes most of the light that strikes the filters and the remianing goes off to a right angle so you must look at center surface of screen

Front 6

What is a Plasma?

Back 6

a gas made up of free-flowing ions (electrically charged atoms)

The central element in a fluorescent light is a plasma, a gas made up of free-flowing ions (electrically charged atoms) and electrons (negatively charged particles).

In a plasma with an electrical current running through it, negatively charged particles are rushing toward the positively charged area of the plasma, and positively charged particles are rushing toward the negatively charged area.

In this mad rush, particles are constantly bumping into each other. These collisions excite the gas atoms in the plasma, causing them to release photons of energy.

Front 7

Atoms used in Plasma

Back 7

Xenon & Neon

they release LIGHT PHOTONS when excited

Mostly, these atoms release ultraviolet light photons, which are invisible to the human eye. But ultraviolet photons can be used to excite visible light photons

Front 8

Main Advantage of Plasma

Back 8

The main advantage of plasma display technology is that you can produce a very wide screen using extremely thin materials

Front 9

Flash Drive Components

Back 9

A control gate and a floating gate exchange electrons through an oxide layer.

Front 10

Flash vs Hard drive

Back 10

Flash
-memory is noiseless.
-It allows faster access.
-It is smaller in size.
-It is lighter.
-It has no moving parts.

Hard
-cheeper
-more capacity

Front 11

Blu - ray Features:
Developed:

Back 11

The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data

Front 12

Blu- ray Features:
Advantages

Back 12

Instantly skip to any spot on the disc

Record one program while watching another on the disc

Create playlists

Edit or reorder programs recorded on the disc

Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid recording over a program

Access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features

Front 13

Home Game consoles Features:

Back 13

Highly specialized computer
Loading time
Part of entertainment system
Game designers
(Know the hardware & software components)

Front 14

DVR components:

Back 14

1. The television signal comes into the DVR's built-in TUNER through antenna, cable or satellite.

=>If the signal comes from antenna or cable:
2. . it goes into an MPEG-2 encoder, which converts the data from analog to digital (MPEG-2, by the way, is the compression standard used to fit information onto a DVD).

2. From the encoder, the signal is shipped off to two different places:
I. first, to the hard drive for storage, an
II. d second, to an MPEG-2 decoder, which converts the signal back to analog and sends it to the television for viewing

Front 15

DVR stands for:

Back 15

Digital Video Recorder

Front 16

DVR Operating systems

Back 16

DVR is CUSTOMIZED OPERATING SYSTEM

The operating system resides on the hard disk, along with the recording space, a buffer for live broadcasts, and in some cases a space for future expansion

EX: TiVo = the machines runs on a highly modified Linux system

SLIDE:
Resides in MAIN BOARD
-CPU
-MEMORY

Front 17

DVR tuners:

Back 17

Some systems use DUAL tunes = Record different channels at once

Front 18

DVR (loved) features:

Back 18

Tapeless

Access remotely

Set programs
(Passes)
(Wishlists)

Fast forward commercials

Playback controls
(Rewind, Pause, Instant Replay)

Front 19

DVR + Hardrive

Back 19

Hard drive space varies:
-30 hours to 320 hours
-Depends on quality (LP, SP, HQ)

Newer systems can record HDTV

Fee for use

Implications:
-Product placement
-Nielsen

Front 20

Flash Drive is a ....

Back 20

Flash is a solid state storage device.

(Solid state means that there are no moving parts -- everything is electronic instead of mechanical.)

Front 21

Solid State

Back 21

(Solid state means that there are no moving parts -- everything is electronic instead of mechanical.)

*Flash drive*

Front 22

Examples of Flash Drives

Back 22

Your computer's BIOS chip

CompactFlash (most often found in digital cameras)

SmartMedia (most often found in digital cameras)

Memory Stick (most often found in digital cameras)

Front 23

Flash Drive Components

Back 23

It has a grid of columns and rows with a cell that has two transistors at each intersection.

SLIDE
A control gate and a floating gate exchange electrons through an oxide layer.

Front 24

Two Gates to Flash Drives

Back 24

Control gate and Floating Gate

Front 25

iPod Components

Back 25

Hard drive

Memory Chip

Microprocessor

Converter

Amplifier

Front 26

iPod Components Hows Stuff Works

Back 26

1. Hard drive - 30-GB Toshiba 1.8-inch hard drive

2. Battery - rechargeable lithium-ion (700 mAh, 3.7V)

3. Click Wheel - navigation via touch-sensitive wheel and mechanical buttons

4. Display - 2.5-inch TFT LCD

5. Microprocessor - PortalPlayer PP5021C with dual ARM7TDMI cores

6. Video chip - Broadcom BCM2722

7. Audio chip - Wolfson Microelectronics WM8758 codec

Front 27

iPod Process

Back 27

1. Load Music to Hard DISK
(file compressed to iPod as MP3 or AAC and stored on HDisk

2. Select song
(use wheel & push "Play")

3. File from HDisk -> Mem. Chip
(iPod gets file from it's Harddisk and compresses it to the Memory chip)

4. Microprocessor Decompresses
(Takes file from the Mem. Chip and decompresses it to be played)

5. Digital to Analog Conversation
(CONVERTER changes 0's and 1's of digital to a SOUND WAVE)

6. Strength increase & Send
(AMPLIFIER increases strength of analog signal and sends it to AUDIO PORT)

7. AUDIO port plays
(Plays from whatever you plug into jack)

Front 28

iPod music goes...

Back 28

Computer ->
iPod Hdisk ->
Memory Chip->
Microprocessor ->
Converter->
Amplifier->
Audio Port ->
Audio Jack

Front 29

Home Gaming Consoles Components

Back 29

User control interface
CPU
RAM
Software kernel
Storage medium for games
Video
Audio
Power supply

Front 30

Home Game Consoles Components: Imput

Back 30

One or more Game Pads

Front 31

Home Gaming consoles components:
OUTPUT

Back 31

1. Color TV
-Large
-Low(er) resolution

2. High Fidelity Sound
-Depends on TV
-Stereo hookups

3. Tactile
-DUAL SHOCK controller

Front 32

Wii controller Components

Back 32

Solid-state accelerometers and gyroscopes

(Wii Fit: Wireless board, gyroscopic technology & multiple technologies)

Front 33

Display Components types

Back 33

CTR

LCD

Plasma

DLP

OLED

Front 34

Display Components
CTR

Back 34

cathode: heated filament gives off electrons

attracted to anode (positively charged)

Front 35

CTR stands for

Back 35

Cathode
Ray
Tube

Front 36

CTR:
Shadow Mask

Back 36

"Shadow Mask"

thin sheet of perforated metal in front of the screen

Front 37

CTR
Yolk

Back 37

"Deflection Yolk"

magnetic coils used to generate fields that control movement of beams across the face of the tube

Front 38

CCD stands for

Back 38

Charge-Couple Device

Front 39

3CCD

Back 39

Sepearte chip devoted to each color

Front 40

CRT Components :
CCD

Back 40

2 basic:

i .Photoreactive silicon layer
ii. Transmission region

Front 41

CCD does...

Back 41

Converts light into voltages

Front 42

CRT phosphors:

Back 42

R, B, and G phosphors

Front 43

anode

Back 43

Positive terminal

Front 44

Cathode

Back 44

Negative terminal

Front 45

Phosphor

Back 45

an organic material that glows when struck by the electron beam

Front 46

Shadow Mask How Stuff Works

Back 46

A shadow mask is a thin metal screen filled with very small holes.


Three electron beams pass through the holes to focus on a single point on a CRT displays' phosphor surface.

The shadow mask helps to control the electron beams so that the beams strike the correct phosphor at just the right intensity to create the desired colors and image on the display.

The unwanted beams are blocked or "shadowed."

Front 47

LCD stands for

Back 47

LIquid
Crystal
Device

Front 48

LCD components:

Back 48

- Mirror,
- Electrode plane,
- Liquid crystal substance,
- Polarizing film

Front 49

LCD Mirror

Back 49

A. In the Back which makes it reflective

Front 50

LCD Polarizing film

Back 50

B. Over the Mirror is a PIECE OF GLASS WITH POLORIZING FILM ON THE BOTTOM SIDE.

Front 51

LCD electrode Plane

Back 51

C. over Polorizing Film, made of lithium Tin Oxide.

usually covers entire area of LCD

ALSO : electode plane in shape of a rectangle over Liquid Crystal Substance

Front 52

LCD Liquid Crystal Substance

Back 52

one for each of the three colors that make up a pixel where the graphic adaptor applies a varring electonic charge to some cell and non to the others

the long rod-shaped molecules that make up the liquid crystal material react to the charge by forming a spiral
(greater charge the more the molecules twist, greatest charge molecules flip at 180 degrees)

Front 53

Order of LCD layers

Back 53

(BACK)
Mirror - reflective
Polarizing Film Glass
Electrode Plane
Liquid Crystalizing Substance
Glass with Electrode in shape of rectangle
Polarizing Film
(Finishes at right angle to the first Polarizing Film)

Front 54

Plasma Components

Back 54

dielectric layer,

electrode,

address protective layer,

address electrode,

MgO Layer

Front 55

dielectric layer

Back 55

Plasma

Front 56

Electrode

Back 56

Plasma

Front 57

Address Protective Layer

Back 57

Plasma

Front 58

MgO later

Back 58

Plasma

Front 59

DLP

Back 59

Digital Light Processing

Front 60

DLP components

Back 60

DMD,
color wheel,
address electrode,
landing sites

Front 61

DMD

Back 61

DLP:

Digital MicroMirror Device

Little square mirrors made of aluminum reflect light to picture

Front 62

Color Wheel

Back 62

DLP

Transparent spinning color wheel that white light passes through to add color to image. It is synchronized with DLP chip.

Front 63

Address electrode

Back 63

DLP

Electrodes commonly connected to an array of memory bits so each electroide can represdent a 1 or 0

Front 64

landing slide

Back 64

DLP

Landing pads beneith the morror that tilt the mirror 10 degrees

Front 65

OLED stands for

Back 65

Organic
Light
Emitting
Device

Front 66

OLED components

Back 66

substrate,
anode,
organic layers,
conducting layer,
emissive layer,
cathode

Front 67

Substrate

Back 67

OLED

(clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.

Front 68

anode

Back 68

OLED

(transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes") when a current flows through the device.

Front 69

Organic layers

Back 69

OLED

These layers are made of organic molecules or polymers.

Front 70

conducting layer

Back 70

OLED

Conducting layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline.

Front 71

Emissive layer

Back 71

OLED

Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode;

*this is where light is made.*

One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene.

Front 72

Cathode

Back 72

OLED

Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) -

The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

--- usually of negative charge ---

Front 73

compression standards

Back 73

?

Front 74

Optical storage

Back 74

Cd's
DVD's
Blu - Rays

Front 75

Basics of Optical Storage

Back 75

Short wavelength laser for read, write, and erase
The shorter the wavelength, the smaller the focused spot

Front 76

Optical v. Magnetic

Back 76

OPTICAL:

Unlike magnetic recording, no contact between the medium and the heads

Front 77

Magnetic Storage

Back 77

Circuit Board Uses

HARD DRIVE USES

Head is magnetic

Disk Platters are magnetic

(DATA stored in HARD DRIVES are MAGNETIC and particles are arranged by polarity:
1- one bit charge
0 - zero bit charge in polartity

Also deflection yoke in OLED uses

Front 78

Magnetic Storage Advantages

Back 78

EASY and FAST writing and re-writing

Front 79

Circuit Board Reading

Back 79

Assembles magnetic domains (Reading)

Front 80

Circuit Board Writing

Back 80

Turns bytes into magnetic domains (Writing)

Front 81

difference between optical and magnetic is ....

Back 81

NO contacts between MEDIUM & HEADS

Front 82

CD vs DVD vs Blu- ray Writing

Back 82

Cd's -RED laser, one polycarbonate layer, BIGGEST track pad

DVD's - RED Laser, two polycarbonate layers, MEDIUM trackpad

Blu- Ray - BLUE laser, one polycarbonate layer, SMALLEST trackpad

Front 83

READ-only disks:

Back 83

CR-ROM & DVD

Front 84

REWRITABLE disks:

Back 84

CD-R (infrared light from CD-ROM)

&

DVD-RAM (Red laser to read and write)

Front 85

CD vs DVD

Back 85

DVD:
single later = 7x standard CD-ROM

Front 86

DVD - R

Back 86

Recordable

Front 87

DVD - RAM

Back 87

Re-Writable

Front 88

DVD -RW

Back 88

Re-Recordable

Front 89

DVD layers

Back 89

single or double

dense tracks

closer pits

Front 90

DVD storage

Back 90

-Data encoded in the form of small pits and bumps in the track of the disc

-Production process creates microscopic bumps
(single, continuous and long spiral)

Front 91

DVD zones

Back 91

6 total

stores in ONE bite on DVD

DVD player/device has a CODE in it as part of FIRMWIRE

Limits playback within regions

EXCEPTIONS: "zone"

Front 92

Metal Housing

Back 92

-keeps dust out (via tiny gaps between head and Platters

-protective

-Vents

Front 93

Circuit Board

Back 93

- Receives directions

- Controls drive heads

- Regulates spin speed

- Assembles magnetic domains
("READING")

-Turns bytes into magnetic domains
("WRITING")

Front 94

Spindle

Back 94

Spins Platters

Front 95

Sectors

Back 95

"pie" shaped wedge

contains fixed amount of data

Front 96

Tracks

Back 96

Concentric circles

Front 97

Clusters

Back 97

Grouped Sectors

(single file scattered among different clusters and platters)

Front 98

Head Actuator

Back 98

Head Actuator:

- Controller directs the movement

- Pushes and Pulls arms

-Fast & Precise movements

Front 99

Arms

Back 99

ARMS:

- Hold read/write heads

-Move heads from hub to edge

Front 100

Heads

Back 100

HEADS:

- Write Data

- Magnetic

Front 101

Disk Platters

Back 101

DIsk PLATTERS:

- very thin

- magnetic
(= easy & fast writing and rewriting)

-usually more than one platter
(can be up to 8)

Front 102

HARD DRIVE DATA STORAGE

Back 102

HARD DRIVE DATA STORAGE

- magnetic!

- 1 bit charge in polarity

- 0 bit charge in polarity

Front 103

Advantages to FLASH

(vs. HARD DRIVES)

Back 103

FLASH IS...
1. memory is NOISELESS
2. FASTER access
3. SMALLER in SIZE
4. LIGHTER
5. has NO MOVING PARTS

Front 104

Advantages to OLED:
TYPES

Back 104

TYPES: transparent (heads up), Top-emitting, foldable (mobile devices, clothes), white (lighting)

Front 105

OLED vs CRYSTAL

Back 105

OLED:

-Thinner, Lighter, more Flexible

Front 106

Overall Advantages to OLED

Back 106

Advantages to OLED:

1. Thinner, lighter, more flexible than crystal
2. BRIGHTer
3. consume LESS POWER
4. LARGER frames of VIEW

Front 107

Advantages to Current Game Consoles

Back 107

- Strict standards
- Emphasis on 3D acceleration
- Storage Capacity (saving)
- Networkabilty (multiple controllers, LAN/Broadband)
***MAINLY HOME***
-like a highly specialized computer
-part of entertainment system
-game designers know hardware and software

Front 108

Current Game Consoles:

Back 108

Xbox 360

Nintendo Wii

PSP 3

**and handheld game systems, cell phone games, and serious games**

Front 109

Entertainment Game consoles today:

Back 109

- Training
- Education
- Behavior

Front 110

Chrominance

Back 110

Def: combination and hue and saturation

Front 111

Luminance

Back 111

Luminance:

(def) The Brightness of color

Front 112

Saturation

Back 112

Saturation:

(def) The intensity and Vividness of color

Front 113

Hue

Back 113

Hue:

(def) The Selection of a color

Front 114

Field

Back 114

Field:
( 2 fields = 1 frame) / (1 field = 1/2 frame)

(def): Interlaced scanning to reduce flicker {vs. progressive scanning used in PC moitors}

-Save Bandwidth

-262 1/2 lines (NTSC)

-Odd and even

-60 per second (NTSC)

Front 115

Serious Games

Back 115

"Entertainment"

to...
-train
-educate
-change behaviors

Front 116

Aspect Ratios
(NTSC & HDTV)

Back 116

NTSC - 4:3

HDTV - 16:9
(Extra Image)

Front 117

Mainframe Computer Games

Back 117

1960's:

First Timesharing systems

Birth of Digital Game

Fortran and BASIC

Front 118

First Video Games:

Back 118

1. TX-0
(tick-tac-Toe, Bouncing ball, Mouse in maze)

2. PDP-1
(on off switch, more compact, more available, FIRST to allow multiple users to share computer simultaneously)

3. SpaceWAR
(first game programed on computer, realistic background, scoring, control devices)

4. Arcade Games
(---> home until late 1980's)

5. PC games/ home counsels (home quality very behind arcade)

Front 119

Nintendo

Back 119

Resurgence:
- Control pad not joystick (Interface change)
- Created arcade quality games
- Loss leader