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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long does it take before colonies of tubeculosis will grow?
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4-12 weeks
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Is TB an aerobe?
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Yes, it likes the lungs for that reason
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Is TB motile?
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No.
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What staining technique is used on TB?
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Acid fast
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What percentage of TB cell wall is lipid?
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60%
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How can you differentiate between different TB strains? (3 things)
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Nutritional requirements
Temperature requirements Pigmentation |
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What media do you grow TB on?
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Lowenstein-Jensen
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Pasteurization helps to prevent what microbe from growing in milk?
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Bovine mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Infection of TB is carried by what vector?
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Inhalation of droplets
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The virulence of TB is very high?
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No, it is quite low
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TB does not have an exotoxin?
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Correct
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What are 2 non-specific virulence factors of TB?
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Multiplies inside of macrophages
Not-sensitive to drying, acids, disinfectants, and has a lipid surface |
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What are the 3 antigens that we need to know for TB?
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Cord factor
Sulfolipids Wax D |
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What is the purpose of cord factor?
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Inhibits neutrophil migration and allows for parallel growth of microbe.
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What is the function of the sulfolipids?
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Inhibition of phagosome-lysosome formation
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What is the function of Wax-D
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Allows for granulomatous lesions
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What is the function of lipoarabinomannin?
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It is a glycolipid that inhibits macrophage destruction of TB.
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What is the first step of TB?
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Inhalation of the bacilli.
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What is the second step?
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Taken up by alveolar macrophages and transported to lymph nodes.
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What is the third step?
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Multiplication inside of the macrophages
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What is the name of the lesion of a macrophage containing reproducing mycobacterium?
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Exudative lesion
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What general class of symptoms present in early TB?
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Influenzae like
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After how many days or weeks does cell mediated immunity appear against TB?
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2-6 weeks
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How many weeks until a positive PPD test is seen?
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3 weeks
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What cytokine is released by active T-cells that have been presented TB?
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IFN-gamma
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These materials accumulate around a exudative lesion with T-cells?
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Collagen and fibroblasts
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After being covered by collagen and fibroblasts, what is the name of the exudative lesion?
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Tubercle
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A calcified tubercle is called what?
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Ghon complex
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Symptomatic primary TB infection comes in two varieties, what are they?
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Localized
Disseminated |
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What occurs to the tubercle when you have a localized symptomatic TB infection?
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It liquifies and spreads out to the localized area (bronchi and creates a new infection.
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What happens during a symptomatic disseminated infection?
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The granuloma ruptures and the contents are spread out across the whole body to many organs.
Possible death |
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Is death possible during a disseminated infection?
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Yes.
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People recovering from a TB infection are still susceptible to TB recurrence?
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Yes, 10-15% will have a recurrence over the course of their life.
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What region of the lung is most likely to see a recurrence of active infection?
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The upper lobes where there is high oxygen but low lymphatic drainage.
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What populations are most susceptible to a recurrent infection?
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Young, old, immune compromised
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What are the clinical symptoms of TB?
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Chronic fever, weight loss, night sweats, productive cough
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How many weeks until a tubercle is formed?
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1-3 weeks
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In order for a sputum sample to be positive, what must be occuring?
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An active infective state either primary progressive or secondary reactivation
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There are two forms that TB can take after initial infection. What are they?
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Primary active infection or latent dormative state with optional later activation
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After a primary active infection, does a latent stage follow.
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Most likely, with possible recurrence.
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What is the new test for TB that can be used?
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Quantiferon test
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What is the biggest barrier to the effective treatment of TB?
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Compliance of taking medication over long period of time.
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How long does it take after the start of treatment begins for a patient to longer be infectious?
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1-2 weeks
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Which two species of mycobacteria are opportunistic?
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Avian and bovis
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How does the growth rate of mycobacteria compare to tuberculosis?
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They grow faster
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Mycobacteria bovis and avian infect humans via human-human transfer?
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No.
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Do the different form of mycobacteria have different pigmentation patterns?
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Yes. It's differential.
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What population is most commonly infected by mycobacterium avian?
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AIDS patients
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Mycobacterium avium complex is made up of two species. What are they?
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Avium and intracellularie
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Is mycobacterium complex and bovis antibiotic resistant?
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Yes, very.
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What are the 3 toxins produced by bacillus anthracis?
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Protective antigen
Edema factor Lethal factor |
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Anthrax is gram negative?
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No, gram positive
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Anthrax is alpha hemolytic?
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No hemolysis pattern
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Does bacillus produce spores?
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Yes.
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How many days does it take for anthrax to start producing symptoms?
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1-6 days
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How quick does anthrax kill you?
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Quick, 24-36 hours
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What are two complications of anthrax that can kill you?
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Hemorrhagic meningitis/ respiratory distress
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Anthrax is transferred from patient to patient?
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Nope, rare if ever.
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Is bordetella pertussis encapsulated?
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Yes.
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Is pertussus gram negative?
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Yes
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What is a media requirement for culture of pertussus?
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Nicotinamide
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What is the tropism of pertussis?
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Bronchial ciliated cells
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What is the transmission rate of pertussis from person to person?
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90-100% very high!
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What are the two adherence hemagglutin and agglutinogens?
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They are adherence compounds for pertussis?
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What happens as a result of pertussis toxin?
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Lymphocyte death, decreased phagocytic function, mucosal damage to airways and vessels
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What are the 3 phases of pertussis?
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Catarrhal, parxysomal, convalesence
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How do you confirm pertussis?
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Nasopharynx secretions, culture, and presentation
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