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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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autonomic bladder
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bacteriuria
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enuresis
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external condom cathater
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functional incontinance
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hematuria
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ileal conduit
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indwelling urethral catheter
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intermittent urethral catheter
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Kegel exercises
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micturition
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mixed incontinence
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nephrotoxic
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nocturia
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overflow incontinence
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postvoid residual PVR
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reflex incontinence
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specific gravity
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stress incontinence
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suprapubic catheter
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total incontinence
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transient incontinence
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urge incontinence
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urinary diversion
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urinary incontinence
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urinary retention
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urination
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voiding
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Organs of the Urinary System
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- kidney
- bladder - ureters - urethra |
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Function of the Kidneys
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Functions of the Bladder
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Function of Urethra
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The effects of incontinence
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- skin breakdown
- psychosocial issues - lowered self-concept - possible infection - decreased physical activity - |
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The effects of aging
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- nocturia
- frequency - urgency - incontinence - prompt for UTI - NI pg. 1240 |
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Strategies to promote normal urination
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Act of Micturition
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- process of emptying the bladder
- detrusor muscle contracts, internal sphincter relaxes, urine enters posterior urethra - muscles of perineum and external sphincter relax - muscle of abdominal wall contract slightly - diaphragm lowers, micturition occurs |
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Nursing Process and Urination
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- assessing data about voiding patterns, habits, past history of problems
- physical examination of urinary system, skin hydration urine - correlation of these findings with results of procedures and diagnostic tests |
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Auria
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- 24 hour urine output os less than 50mL
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Glycosuria
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- sugar in the urine
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Pyuria
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- puss in the urine
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Dysuria
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- painful urination
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Diseases Associated with Renal Problems
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- congenital urinary tract abnormalities
- polycystic kidney disease - UTI - urinary calculi - hypertension - diabetes mellitus - gout - connective tissue disorders |
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Medications Affecting Color of urine
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- anticoagulants - red
- diuretics - pale yellow urine - pyridium - orange to orange/red urine - elavil - green or blue-green urine - levadopa- brown or black urine |
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Urinary Assessment: Kidneys
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- check for costovertebral tenderness
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Urinary Assessment: urinary bladder
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- palpate and percuss the bladder or use bedside scanner
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Urinary Assessment: Urethral meatus
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- inspect for signs of infection, discharge or odor
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Urinary Assessment: Skin
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- assess for color, texture, turgor, and excretion of wastes
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Urinary Assessment: Urine
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- assess for color, odor, clarity, and sediment
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Diuretics
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- prevent reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes in tubules
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Cholinergic Medications
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- stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle, producing urination
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Analgesics and Tranquilizers
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- suppress CNS, diminish effectiveness of neural refelx
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Measuring Urine output
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- Ask patient to void into bedpan, urinal, or specimen container in bed or bathroom.
- Pour urine into appropriate measuring device. - Place calibrated container on flat surface and read at eye level. - Note amount of urine voided and record on appropriate form. - Discard urine in toilet unless specimen is needed |
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Types of Urine Specimens
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- routine urinalysis
- clean-catch or mid-stream specimens - 24 hour urine specimen - specimens from infants and children |
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Nursing Diagnosis: Urinary Function as the Problem
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- incontinence
- pattern alteration - urinary retention |
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Nursing Diagnosis: Urinary Function as Etiology
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- anxiety
- caregiver role strain - risk for infection |
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Planned Patient Goals
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- produce sufficient quantity of urine to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
- empty bladder completely at regular intervals without discomfort - provide care for urinary diversion and know when to notify pyhsician - develop plan to modify factors contributing to current or future urinary problems - correct unhealthy urinary habits |
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Nursing Intervention
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- maintaining normal voiding habits
- promoting fluid intake - strengthening muscle tone - assisting with toileting |
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Patients at Risk for UTI
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- sexually active women
- women who use diaphragm - postmenopausal women - indwelling urinary catheter - individuals with diabetes mellitus - elderly people |
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Reasons for Catheterization
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- relieving urinary retention
- obtaining sterile urine specimen - Obtaining a urine specimen when usual methods can’t be used - Emptying bladder before, during, or after surgery - Monitoring critically ill patients |
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Patient Education for Urinary Diversion
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- explain reasons and rationale for treatment
- demonstrate effective self-care - follow up care and support - where supplies can be obtained - address fears/concerns - encourage positive body image |
