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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why are they called hardwoods?
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all angiosperms; broad leaves; produce fruit or nut; go dormant in winter-deciduous; grow slower and wood is more dense
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White Ash
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(Fraxinus americana) - olive family-dart-like winged fruit
popular for food containers =no taste used to be tennis rackets; still used for baseball bats attacked by Emerald ash borers-invasive species; lay eggs in bark, larvae eat cambium and phloem causes death within two years |
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Aspen
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(Populus tremuloides)-
short lived areas where fire happens often often used for chopsticks |
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Basswood
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(Tilia americana)-
Linden inner bark (bast) used for rope, thread, and fabric by native americans |
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Beech
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(Fagus grandifolia)-
Mother of Forest nutrient rich humus |
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Yellow Birch
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(Betula alleghaniensis)-
makes a lot of things from beer to toothpicks native americans used bark for canoe frames and wood for arrows popular ornamental "mother tree" planted at white house to honor president mothers oil used for treatment of rheumatism and inflammations |
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Cherry
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(Prunus serotina)
rose family used for fruit, medicine, home furnishings bark used to treat bronchitis, stalks used to make tonics |
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Red Maple
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(Acer rubrum)-
most common and widespread deciduous tree of east north america used for high quality lumber, source for charcoal used as ornamental tree in yards fruit= long double samara, divergent wings |
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Sugar Maple
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(Acer saccharum)-
hard maple tapped for sucrose containing sap for maple syrup mature tree produces 12 gallons of sap a year 30 gallons sap to make one gallon of syrup used for heels of women's shoes |
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American Chestnut
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(Castanea dentata)-
bearer of nuts- 3 nuts in spiny green burr, and lined in tan velvet nuts develop late summer, the burrs opening and falling to the ground near the first fall frost, nuts were once economic resource in U.S Disease-Chestnut blight-fungal disease grows from wounds and kills off cambium around the twig, branch, or trunk wilting and death from deprivation of nourishment |
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Flowering dogwood
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(Cornus florida)- small and inconspicuous flowers
flower head surrounded by 4 large white, red or pink bracts fruit is clustered from 2 to 10 drupes- important food source for birds good at extracting calcium from deep soil horizons helps ecosystem with dead leaf litter helps support land snails |
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Tulip tree
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(Lindendron tulipifera)-
leaves=four lobes flowers look like tulips canoewood- used for dugout canoes by native americans for its fine grain and large trunk size |
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Sweet gum
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(Liquidambar styraciflua)- gum resin(liquid ambar no medicinal virtues; more like native balsam, or resin like turpentine
as grows older hardens into solid form, back in day used to be shipped to other countries by barrels balsam for mollifying and consolidating and good against sciatica, weakness of the nerves important commercial hardwoods in southeast used for a lot of things and veneer |
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American Elm
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(Ulmus americana)- high stress tolerance level
found in parks and cities alternate simple leaves live up to 300 years wind pollinate, round, flat, wafer like fruit vegetative production attack by defoliators-insects that eat leaves (bark beetles, borers) Dutch Elm Disease-began with shipment of logs, death by fungus-ophiostoma ulmi-spread by beetles, |
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Red Oak
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(Quercus rubra)-
state tree of New Jersey bark= rich in tannins key in america industry=railroad ties, wheels, plows, barrels |
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White Oak
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(Quercus alba)-
wood impervious to liquid used for ship timbers, barrels, casks native americans = boil and eat acorns |
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Sycamore
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(Platanus accidentalis)-
smooth mottled cream, tan, and green bark-looks camoflauge largest leaf of north america |
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Black Walnut
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(Juglans nigra)-
Roots release juglan, kill plants growing above them fertility- strewn at wedding compound leaf |
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Sassafras
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(Sassafras albidum)-
Eastern seaboard vegetative reproduction all soil types 3 diff leaf shapes- entire, mitten shaped, three lobed Fruit=drupe tea from roots oil used to perfume soaps Dioecious male and female plants separate root used in root beer-except has safrole-carcinogen |
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Inkberry
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(Ilex glabra)-Applachian tea, Dye-leaves, Evergreen Winterberr, Gallberry
In holly family (evergreen shrub) Dioecious-male and female plants male flowers in clusters and female flowers solitary yellow margins, 5 teeth |
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Concord grape
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(Vituus labrusca)-skin of fruit dark purple or blue
slip-skin variety (easy to remove) large seed and high aromatic grape jelly, grape juice, candy, etc. sometimes for wine, but has foxy flavor, most dont like this |
