Taxonomic Terminology

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achene

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a simple dry fruit from an inferior ovary in which the seed takes up most of the space and the seed coat isn't attached to the pericarp

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acrasiomycota

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is a fungus-like protist that lives on land, unicellular, cellulose CW, centrioles, contractile vacuole, motile cells, phagocytosis

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actinpoda

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animal-like protist phylum. secrete silica for exoskeleton, unicellular

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alveolata

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alveolata protists include dinoflagellates, apicomplex, ciliates. they all have an aveoli below their plasma membrane

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amoeba clade

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have a cytoskeleton, nucleus, no definite shape, move by extending pseudopod

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anisogamy

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different size gametes

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anthocerophyta

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Hornworts.(nonvascular plants) sporophytes are photosynthetic, cells hv a 1 chloroplast, cuticle, stomata, multicellular, sperm swim,

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anthophyta

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angiosperms. heterosporous. sperm not motile. seeds inside a fruit.

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apicomplexa

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animal-like protist. sporozoans are parastic. Use osmosis for nutrition. Move by wriggling. Asexual and sexual.

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anther

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the pollen-bearing portion of the stamen

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antheridiophore

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gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts

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antheridium

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structure that produces male gametes

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gametophore

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a modified branch bearing gametangia

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anthophyta

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the division of flowering plants

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antipodal

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haploid cells of the female gametophyte of angiosperms found at the end of gametophyte opposite the micropyle

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apicomplexa

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animal-like protist. all sporozoans are parastic, absorb nutrients through osmosis. move by wriggling. asexual and sexual. one or more hosts in LC

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archegonia

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plural form archegonium. a multicellular egg-producing occurring in mosses, ferns and other gymnosperms

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ascocarp

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an ascus-bearing structure found in ascomycetous fungi

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ascogenous hypha

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fungi. male and female nuclei divide to maintain the dikaryotic condition. develop inside the ascoma. tips froms hooks (croziers) before developing into an ascus

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ascomycota

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the Sac fungi. the hyphae of these fungi are separate, but perforations in the cross walls allow cytoplasm and nuclei to flow from one compartment to another and all have an ascus.

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ascus

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a saclike reproductive structure that produces haploid spores following sexual union.

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awn

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a slender, bristlelike appendage found on the spikelets of many grasses.

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axopodia

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animal-like protist. A type of pseudopod(thin projections) that does phagocytosis.

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bacillariophyta

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are diatoms. very imp. photosynthetic organisms for marine and freshwater organisms.

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basidia

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club-shaped structures found on the gills on the underside of the pileus

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basidiocarp

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the sporocarp of basidiomycetes. multicellular structure where the spore producing hymenium is born.

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basidiomycota

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one of the three divisions of fungi. characterized by the formation of the basidia during sexual reproduction

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basidiospore

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four haploid products of meiosis incorporated. they are located at the end of the basidia on slender projections.

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basidium

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singular of basidia

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berry

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a simple fleshy fruit with multiple seeds and derived from more than one carpel e.g. grapes

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binary fission

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is another name for mitosis

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blade

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leaf

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bordered pit

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a wood-cell pit having the secondary cell wall arched over the cavity of the pit

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bract

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a modified leaf smaller than normal vegetative leaves

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bryophyta (phylum)

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mosses

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bulliform cells

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large cells found on the epidermis of grass leaves that cause the leaf roll and unroll around the long axis of the leaf

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bundle sheath cells

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layer of mesophyll cells surrounding the veins in C4 plants

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calyptra

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in bryophyta, its a enlarged archegonia venter that protects the embryonic sporophyte.
in angiosperms, it is the covering tissue of stamen and carpels.

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calyx

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the whorl of sepals

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cambium

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lateral meristematic tissue

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carpel

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the smallest segement of the pistil that encloses ovules

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casparian strip

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suberin found in the endodermis wall that divert water flow from apoplast to symplast route

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chlorenchyma

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simple ground tissue with chloroplast

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chlorophyta

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plant-like protist. chlorophyll A, B. CW made of cellulose in pectin. stores starch. Alternation of generations. cell division by plate formation. filamentous form.

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chrysophyta ( golden-brown algae)

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plant-like protists. produce chlorophyll A, C. heterotropic, accessory pigment fucoxanthin, stores chysolaminarin outside of the chloroplast. some have CW made of cellulose and silica.

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chytridiomycota (fungus)

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mostly aquatic. filamentous and unicellular. CW of chitin. motile spores and flagellated gametes. Decomposers and parasites. alternation of generations.

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ciliates

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are members of ciliophora

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ciliophora

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animal-like protist. complex and definite size and shape. move by cilia. heterotrophs.

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cirri

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fused cilia

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cleistothecia

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in ascomycota fungus, the shape of the dome is cleistothecia, round with the hyphae enclosed.

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coenocytic

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a type of mycelium in which hyphae lack septa

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coleorhiza

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the sheath that encloses the root of grasses

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collenchyma

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angular thickenings of the primary cell wall

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companion cell

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nonconducting phloem cell that regulates the cytoplasmic functions of adjacent sieve tube members

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complete flower

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flower has stamens or pistils, but not both

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compound leaf

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a leaf with many leaflets

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conidia

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the ascomycetes are characterized by multinucleated spores

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conidiophore

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in ascomycetes, spores cut off by septa at the ends of modified hyphae

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conjugation

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temporary union of two unicellular organisms, during which genetic material is transfered from one cell to the other; common in protist

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cork cambium

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the lateral meristem that forms the periderm, producing cork (phellum) of the plant and phelloderm toward the inside.

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corolla

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the whorls of petals

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cortex

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ground tissue between the epidermis and vascular tissue of the roots and stem

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cotyledon

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seed leaf

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crustose

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form to the surface

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cycads

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heterosporous. sperm not motile; conducted to egg by a pollen tube. the only gymnosperms with vessels.

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cycadophyta

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phylum of seed plants

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cytostome

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cell mouth that is specialized for phagocytosis formed by microtubel

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dehiscent fruit

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fruit that splits such as legumes

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deuteromycetes

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an artificial grouping of fungi that do not reproduce sexually.