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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the minimum requirement for being classified as a mollusk?
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A coelom.
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What basic body parts do mollusks have?
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A visceral mass, foot, mantle, gills, and sometimes a head.
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Describe the mollucks shell.
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It has a horny outher layer, a crystalline calcium carbonate middle layer, and a pearly inner layer.
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What is a bivalve mollusk?
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A mollusk with two shells. (i.e. clams or oysters)
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What is the radula?
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A rasping, tongulike feeding organ present in all mollusks except for bivalves.
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What do mollusks use to get rid of nitrogenous wastes? Descirbe them.
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Nephridia. They contain a funnel-like nephrostome that leads to a bladder which leads to an excretory pore.
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What are the free-swimming larvae of mollusks called? What stage follows this larva stage?
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Trochophores. The veliger stage (has beginnings of foot, shell, and mantle).
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How many calcareous plates are in the shell of polyplacophoras (chitons)?
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Eight.
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What is torsion? What is coiling?
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The process of the mantle cavity and anus moving to the front of gastropods. The spiral-winding of the gastropod shell.
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How are cephalopods so much different from other mollusks?
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They have highly developed nervous systems, close circulatory systems, high intelligence, no external shell, chromatophores, and a means of jet propulsion
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What is the minimum requirement for being classified as an annelid?
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Segmentation.
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What are the three principal features of annelids?
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Repeated segments with septa inbetween, specialized segments, and connections between the segments.
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What are the sections of the annelid digestive track?
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The pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine.
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What are setae?
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Bristles of chitin that help anchor worms during locomotion.
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What are the three annelid classes?
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Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea.
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What is a clitellum?
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An organ both leeches and oligochaetes have which secretes a cocoon specialized to receive eggs.
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What are parapodia?
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Paired, fleshy, paddlelike flaps on polychaetes used for swimming, burrowing, or crawling.
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What is a lophophore? What three phylum have them?
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A circular or U-shaped ridge around the mouth with tentacles. It is a surface for gas exchange and food-collection. Phoronida, Ectoprocta, and Brachiopoda.
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What two new innovation arose as arthropods developed from annelids? How successful have arthropods been?
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Jointed appendages and exoskeletons. They are the most successful of all animals.
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Do more advanced arthropods have more or fewer jointed appendages?
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Fewer.
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What is the arthropod exoskeleton made of?
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Chitin (similar to cellulose) and protein. Crustaceans may also add calcium salts.
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What are tagmata? What is the process of them being formed? What is a cephalothorax?
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Groups of body segments fused together. Tagmatatization. A tagma of an arthropod's head with its thorax.
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Arthropods go through ecdysis. What does ecdysis mean?
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Molting.
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What is a compound eye like? What are simple eyes also known as?
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A compound eye is composed of many units called ommatidia, each with a lens, some retinular cells, and a light-sensitive rhabdom. Ocelli.
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What is the arthropod nervous system like?
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There is a double chain of segmented ganglia down the ventral surface, and three fused pairs of dorsal ganglia making the brain. Many body functions can be carried out without the brain.
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What is the arthropod respiratory system like?
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Air passes through spiracle, holes in the exoskelton, into the trachea which branches into small tracheoles.
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What are Malpighian tubules?
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An excretory organ in arthropods which converts wastes into uric acid or guanine for excretion.
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Describe crustaceans.
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They have two pairs of antennae, three types of chewing appendages, various numbers of leg pairs, mandibles, and a nauplius larva stage.
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What are swimmerets, uropods, and telsons?
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Swimmerets are appendages used for reproduction and swimming. Uropods are paddles at the end of the abdomen, and telsons are tail spines.
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What are chelicerae?
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Anterior appendages used by arachnids as pincers or fangs.
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What are pedipalps?
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Appendages on arachnids resembling legs, but not used for locomotion. Can be copulatory organs or pincers.
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What are book lungs?
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A respiratory organ of arachnids that is a series of leaflike plates within a chamber.
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Are centipedes herbivores or carnivores? Millipedes?
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Carnivores. Mostly herbivores.
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Describe insects.
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They have three body sections (head, thorax, abdomen), three leg pairs, and one pair of antennae.
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What is the fat body?
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It is a group of cells in the insect that stores food and functions somewhat like a liver.
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How do insects sense things about their environment and communicate with other insects?
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Sensory hairs sense mechanical and chemical stimulations. Tympanums sense sounds. Pheromones are used to communicate.
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What is metamorphosis? What is the difference between simple and complete metamorphosis?
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Change in life stages. Simple meta involves just an increase in size. Complete meta has different looking stages like the larvae, the pupa/chrysalis, and adult.
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What new evolutionary developments do echinoderms have?
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Deuterostome development, endoskeletons, and a water-vascular system.
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What is strange about echinoderm symmetry?
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They are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae, but radially symmetrical as adults. This is called secondary radial symmetry.
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What is the echinoderm nervous system like?
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It has a central nerve ring with branches.
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Describe the water vascular system.
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It has five radial canals, a madreporite to let water in, and tube feet with ampullas at the end of them.
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What are papulae?
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Fingerlike extensions of the coelom in echinoderms that aid in respiration and waste removal.
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What are the six living phyla of echinoderms?
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Crinoidea, asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea, and concentricycloidea.
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Who are you going to vote for MHA president?
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Robert Fromm.
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