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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three basic shapes prokaryotes take on?
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Bacillus (rod), coccus (sphere), spirillum (helical).
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Colonies can develop into erect structures and release _______, which grow into new bacteria.
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Spores.
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How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?
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1.Unicellularity, 2.Smaller Cells, 3.No Chromosomes, 4.Binary Fission (Not Mitosis), 5.No Internal Compartmentalization, 6.Simple, Proplike Flagella, 7.Diversity of Metabolism
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What is the nucleoid?
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The region of a prokaryote where the circular DNA complex is located.
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What sort of metabolic diversity do prokaryotes possess?
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They have several types of anaerobic and aerobic photosynthesis, and can be chemoautotrophic.
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What are the two domains of prokaryotes? Describe them.
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Archaebacteria (mostly extrememe environments) and Bacteria (older than Archae, most named species).
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How do Archaebacteria and Bacteria differ?
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1.Plasma Membrane Composition, 2.Cell Wall (Bact. have Peptidoglycan, Arch. don't), 3.Gene Translation Machinery (Arch. similar to eukaryotes, Bact. not), 4.Gene Architecture (Bact. have no introns).
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What are bacterial cell walls made of?
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Peptidoglycan (Archaebacteria have no peptidoglycan).
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Describe the results of a Gram Stain.
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Gram-positive- stains purple, thick peptidoglycan wall, antibiotic susceptible.
Gram-negative- stains red, thin peptidoglycan cell wall, antibiotic resistant. |
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What are flagella?
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Slender, helical structures composed of flagellin that spin like propellers.
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What are pili?
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Hairlike structures, shorter than flagella, aid in substrate attachment and genetic transfer.
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What are endospores?
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Thick-walled structures that surround the prokaryote genome in times of stress to protect the cell.
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Describe the prokaryotic cell interior.
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It has internal membranes, a nucleoid region, ribosomes, and plasmids.
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What are the four categories of prokaryotic metabolism?
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Photoautotrophic (light only), Chemoautotrophic (inorganics only), Photoheterotrophic (light and organics), Chemoheterotrophic (inorganics and organics).
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What are some human bacterial diseases?
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Tuberculosis, Dental Caries (tooth decay), Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chlamydia.
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How are Prokaryotes useful in the environment?
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They help in decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and have symbiotic relationships with other organisms.
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How have humans used Prokaryotes?
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We have used them as bioweapons, biofactories for several things (i.e. penicillin), remedies for pollution, and plan to use them as pesticides.
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