Table Of Elements Science 9

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

the substance or substances of which any physical object consists or is composed

Front 2

States

Back 2

the condition of matter with respect to structure,form, constitution, phase, or the like water in a gaseous state.

Front 3

Melting

Back 3

to become a liquid

Front 4

Evaporation

Back 4

to become a gas

Front 5

Freezing

Back 5

to become a solid

Front 6

Sublimation

Back 6

a state of matter that changes from gas to solid

Front 7

Deposition

Back 7

a state of matter that changes from solid to gas

Front 8

Properties

Back 8

Characteristics that describe a particular substance's properties.

Front 9

Physical change

Back 9

A change in the appearance or state that doesn't change the composition.

Front 10

Physical Properties

Back 10

Property that describes the physical appearance and composition of a substance.

Front 11

Chemical Property

Back 11

A chemical property is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity.

Front 12

Chemical Change

Back 12

Chemical change is any change that results in the formation of newchemical substances.

Front 13

Pure Substance

Back 13

A material that is composed of only one type of particle

Front 14

Elements

Back 14

a pure substance that can not be broken down even further

Front 15

Periodic Table

Back 15

a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.

Front 16

Compound

Back 16

When two or more elements combine chemicaly

Front 17

Mixture

Back 17

A combination of pure substances

Front 18

Mechanical Mixture

Back 18

When the different substances that make up a mixture are visible

Front 19

Solution

Back 19

When the different substances that make up a mixture aren't visible

Front 20

Aqueous Solution

Back 20

A substance that dissolves in water

Front 21

Suspension

Back 21

This is a cloudy mixture where the tiny particles of one substance are visible

Front 22

Colloid

Back 22

This is a cloudy mixture where the tiny particles of one substance are suspended in a substance are so small they cannot be seen

Front 23

Electron Shells

Back 23

this is the outside part of an atom around the atomic nucleus

Front 24

Proton

Back 24

This is a positively charged particle

Front 25

Neutron

Back 25

a subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen.

Front 26

Atomic mass

Back 26

the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes.

Front 27

Family

Back 27

This is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table, but the f-block columns (between groups 2 and 3) are not numbered.

Front 28

Period

Back 28

A name given to a horizontal row of the periodic table.

Front 29

Group

Back 29

Another name for family, these are found in columns in the periodic table of elements

Front 30

AMU

Back 30

An abbreviation for Atomic Mass Unit.

Front 31

Atomic Mass Unit

Back 31

the equivalent to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon 12 atom

Front 32

Atomic Mass

Back 32

The mass of one element's atom

Front 33

Atomic number

Back 33

shows the amount of protons there are in the nucleus

Front 34

Mass number

Back 34

the sum of all protons and neutrons in an atom

Front 35

Metals

Back 35

These are conductors of electricity, have crystalline solids with a metallic luster and have a high chemical reactivity

Front 36

Non-metals

Back 36

most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine); and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine). These are hard and brittle. All do not conduct electricity except carbon.

Front 37

Metalloids

Back 37

Have both metallic and non-metallic properties

Front 38

Alkali metals

Back 38

These are extremely reactive metals

Front 39

Alkaline-earth metals

Back 39

These metals are not as reactive as alkali metals

Front 40

halogens

Back 40

Are the most reactive non-metals

Front 41

noble gasses

Back 41

These are the most stable and non-reactive elements

Front 42

Chemical Formula

Back 42

A combination of symbols that represent a compound. The formula identifies the element in the compound and the amount of each element.

Front 43

ionic compound

Back 43

Pure substance formed when at least one metal and one non-metal combine

Front 44

Polyatomic Ions

Back 44

Is a charged chemical species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit.

Front 45

Ions

Back 45

Ions are atoms with extra electrons or missing electrons. When you are missing an electron or two, you have a positive charge.

Front 46

Molecule

Back 46

A molecule is the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bonds.

Front 47

Molecular Compounds

Back 47

A pure substance formed when non-metals combine

Front 48

molecule

Back 48

group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

Front 49

monitoring

Back 49

keeping track of something for aspecific purpose; certain chemicals are monitoredin the environment to ensure they do not exceedsafe levels

Front 50

multimeter

Back 50

meter that can measure voltage, current, or resistance in a circuit

Front 51

mutualism

Back 51

the relationship between species inwhich both species benefit

Front 52

natural selection

Back 52

a process in which theenvironment “selects” which individuals willsurvive and reproduce

Front 53

nebulae

Back 53

vast clouds of gas (mostly hydrogen) anddust in space, where stars form; nebula (singular)

Front 54

neutral

Back 54

(in chemistry) pH of 7; a neutral substanceis neither an acid nor a base

Front 55

neutral

Back 55

(in electricity) description of an object thathas equal amounts of positive and negativecharges

Front 56

neutralization

Back 56

reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and a solid compound called a salt

Front 57

neutron

Back 57

neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom

Front 58

neutron star

Back 58

a small, super-dense remnant of asupernova

Front 59

niche

Back 59

the role of an organism or species in anecosystem, including where it lives, what it eats,how it reproduces, and how it interacts with otherliving and non-living things

Front 60

nitrogen fixation

Back 60

process of changing free nitrogen so that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use; carried out mainly by bacteria in the soil

Front 61

nitrogen oxides

Back 61

NOx(g); major air pollutant; formswhen nitrogen combines with oxygen as a result offuel combustion; gives smog its characteristicbrown colour; major source: motor vehicles

Front 62

noble gases

Back 62

group 18 elements in the periodictable; the most stable and unreactive elements

Front 63

non-heritable characteristics

Back 63

characteristics causedby the environment, such as tanned skin due toexposure to sunlight

Front 64

non-metal

Back 64

dull, brittle element that does not conduct electricity

Front 65

nonrenewable resource

Back 65

a resource, such as coal ornatural gas, that cannot be replenished

Front 66

nuclear fission

Back 66

splitting of atoms, whichtransforms them into lighter elements and releaseslarge amounts of energy

Front 67

nucleic acids

Back 67

largest and most complicatedmolecules found in all the cells of living things;the two most important are deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), made up ofphosphates, a simple sugar called ribose, andnitrogen-containing bases; play a major role inheredity and in controlling a cell’s activities

Front 68

nucleus

Back 68

positively charged centre of an atom;contains protons and neutrons

Front 69

nutrients

Back 69

elements and compounds that organisms need for living, growing, and reproducing

Front 70

ohm (Ω)

Back 70

the unit of resistance

Front 71

Ohm’s law

Back 71

law stating that, as long as the temperature remains constant, the resistance of a conductor remains constant, and the current is directly proportional to the voltage applied; O = V/A or I = V/R or V = AO

Front 72

open system

Back 72

an experiment in which one or moreproducts of a chemical reaction can escape

Front 73

optimum amount

Back 73

amount of a substance that provides an organism with the best health

Front 74

order

Back 74

a category in the classification of livingthings, more general than a family, but morespecific than a class

Front 75

organic compounds

Back 75

compounds whose moleculescontain carbon (e.g., fossil fuels), except carbondioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonates, andcyanides, which are inorganic compounds

Front 76

osmosis

Back 76

type of diffusion in which watermolecules move across a membrane from an areawhere there are more water molecules to an areawhere there are fewer water molecules

Front 77

ova

Back 77

(singular, ovum) female sex cells

Front 78

ovary

Back 78

female reproductive organ in which egg cells are produced; in plants, the structure contains the ovules

Front 79

overspecialization

Back 79

species has adaptations for asmall set of environmental conditions, whichleaves it vulnerable to extinction

Front 80

ovule

Back 80

sac containing the female sex cells (gametes) of a plant

Front 81

ozone (O3(g))

Back 81

colourless, odourless gas; at groundlevel, it’s a pollutant produced as a result ofindustrial processes and the use of motor vehicles;high in the atmosphere, it forms a layer protectingEarth from the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation

Front 82

ozone layer

Back 82

layer of ozone O3(g) in the atmosphere 15 to 50 km above Earth’s surface; protects Earth’s surface from the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation

Front 83

parallax

Back 83

x the apparent shift in position of a nearby object against a distant background when the object is viewed from two different positions

Front 84

parallel circuit

Back 84

circuit in which the current canflow in two or more paths

Front 85

parasitism

Back 85

the relationship between species inwhich one species benefits and the other speciesis harmed

Front 86

parts per million (ppm)

Back 86

measurement used to describe very small concentrations of chemicals; a solution having a concentration of 1 ppm has one part of solute per million parts of solution

Front 87

period

Back 87

horizontal row of elements in the periodic table

Front 88

periodic table

Back 88

a table in which the elements areorganized by their physical and chemicalproperties

Front 89

permeable

Back 89

description of a substance that containsconnected pores; fluids can flow through apermeable substance

Front 90

pest

Back 90

organism that harms people, crops, or structures

Front 91

pesticide

Back 91

chemical used to kill pests

Front 92

pH

Back 92

measure of the percent of hydrogen ions in a solution; most solutions have a pH in the range of 0 to 14; 0 is very acid, 14 is very basic, and 7 is neutral

Front 93

photoconductor

Back 93

a resistor that becomes moreconductive when exposed to light

Front 94

photolysis

Back 94

breakdown of compounds by sunlight;“photo” means light and “lysis” means breakdown

Front 95

phylum (plural, phyla)

Back 95

a major category in theclassification of living things, more general than aclass, but more specific than a kingdom

Front 96

physical change

Back 96

change in the appearance or stateof a substance that does not change thecomposition

Front 97

physical property

Back 97

property that describes thephysical appearance and composition of asubstance

Front 98

phytoremediation

Back 98

clean up of the environment using plants; “phyto-” means plant and “remediation” means cleanup; plants have been used to clean up metals, hydrocarbons, and other chemicals

Front 99

pistil

Back 99

the female reproductive organ of a flower

Front 100

pollen

Back 100

fine yellow powder on the anthers offlowers, consisting of grains that contain male sexcells (gametes)

Front 101

pollination

Back 101

the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

Front 102

pollution

Back 102

any change in the environment thatproduces a condition that is harmful to livingthings

Front 103

polyatomic ions

Back 103

group of atoms acting as one (for example, carbonate or CO3 2)

Front 104

population

Back 104

group of individuals of the same species living in an area

Front 105

pores

Back 105

tiny spaces between soil grains or mineralgrains in a rock; a substance with many pores isporous; if these pores are connected, a substanceis permeable

Front 106

potential difference

Back 106

change in the potential energyof electric charge compared to its potential energyat a reference point, such as the ground; voltage

Front 107

power

Back 107

rate at which a device converts energy

Front 108

primary cell

Back 108

cell that produces electricity by means of a chemical reaction that cannot be reversed

Front 109

product

Back 109

new substance produced in a chemical reaction between reactants

Front 110

property

Back 110

characteristic that describes a particular substance (e.g., colour, lustre, melting point, crystal shape, solubility, density)

Front 111

protein

Back 111

organic compound made up of units called amino acids; protein molecules contain atoms of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon

Front 112

proton

Back 112

positively charged particle in the nucleusof an atom

Front 113

protostar

Back 113

a contracting mass of gas in the firststage of a star’s formation

Front 114

pure substance

Back 114

substance made of only one kind of matter, which has a unique set of properties

Front 115

purebred

Back 115

referring to a plant or animal that hasancestors all with the same form of a trait

Front 116

radio telescope

Back 116

a telescope system that collectsand analyzes radiation in the radio frequencyrange from stars and other bodies in space

Front 117

reactant

Back 117

substance that reacts with another substance or substances in a chemical reaction to create new substances with different properties

Front 118

recessive trait

Back 118

the outward form observed only when two same-acting, non-dominant alleles are inherited. Short leg length in fruit flies is an example. An offspring with two short-leg alleles will grow short legs. The short-leg allele is recessive; it has no influence if the dominant longleg allele is present

Front 119

rechargeable cell

Back 119

cell that produces electricity by means of a chemical reaction that can be reversed by using an external source to run electricity back through the cell

Front 120

red giant

Back 120

the stage in the life cycle of a Sun-likestar during which the star increases in size andbecomes very bright

Front 121

red supergiant

Back 121

the stage in the life cycle of amassive star during which the star increases insize and becomes very bright

Front 122

reflecting telescope

Back 122

a type of optical telescope thatuses mirrors instead of lenses to gather and focuslight

Front 123

refracting telescope

Back 123

a type of optical telescope that

Front 124

renewable resource

Back 124

resource such as water or wind energy that is continually replenished and therefore can be used indefinitely

Front 125

resistance

Back 125

measure of how difficult it is forelectrons to flow through a substance; unit ofmeasure is the ohm

Front 126

resistor

Back 126

device having resistance to the passage ofelectrical current, often used to control current ina circuit

Front 127

resource partitioning

Back 127

division of a resource amongtwo or more coexisting species such that the nicheof each species differs slightly

Front 128

rheostat

Back 128

continuously variable resistor used toregulate electric current

Front 129

radio telescope

Back 129

a telescope system that collectsand analyzes radiation in the radio frequencyrange from stars and other bodies in space

Front 130

reactant

Back 130

substance that reacts with another substance or substances in a chemical reaction to create new substances with different properties

Front 131

recessive trait

Back 131

the outward form observed only when two same-acting, non-dominant alleles are inherited. Short leg length in fruit flies is an example. An offspring with two short-leg alleles will grow short legs. The short-leg allele is recessive; it has no influence if the dominant longleg allele is present.

Front 132

rechargeable cell

Back 132

cell that produces electricity by means of a chemical reaction that can be reversed by using an external source to run electricity back through the cell

Front 133

red giant

Back 133

the stage in the life cycle of a Sun-likestar during which the star increases in size andbecomes very bright

Front 134

red supergiant

Back 134

the stage in the life cycle of amassive star during which the star increases insize and becomes very bright

Front 135

reflecting telescope

Back 135

a type of optical telescope thatuses mirrors instead of lenses to gather and focuslight

Front 136

refracting telescope

Back 136

a type of optical telescope thatuses two lenses to gather and focus light

Front 137

renewable resource

Back 137

resource such as water or wind energy that is continually replenished and therefore can be used indefinitely

Front 138

resistance

Back 138

resistor

Front 139

resource partitioning

Back 139

division of a resource amongtwo or more coexisting species such that the nicheof each species differs slightly

Front 140

rheostat

Back 140

continuously variable resistor used toregulate electric current

Front 141

salt

Back 141

compound produced in a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base

Front 142

satellite

Back 142

a small body that orbits a larger one;satellites may be natural, such as a moon orbitinga planet, or artificial, such as a spacecraft put intoorbit around Earth by humans for research orcommunication purposes

Front 143

schematic or schematic diagram

Back 143

diagram using standardized symbols to show the components and connections in a circuit

Front 144

secondary cell

Back 144

rechargeable cell

Front 145

semiconductor

Back 145

a material, such as silicon orgermanium, having a conductivity greater than aninsulator but less than a good conductor

Front 146

septic tank

Back 146

underground container where bacteriabreak down organic materials in sewage beforethey are moved out to the soil

Front 147

series circuit

Back 147

circuit in which there is only a single pathway for the current so the same current passes through all the components

Front 148

sewage

Back 148

wastewater containing dissolved andundissolved materials from your kitchen,bathroom, and laundry

Front 149

sewage treatment plant

Back 149

building and groundscontaining special equipment to treat wastes fromhomes, businesses, industries, and institutions sothe wastes can be disposed of safely

Front 150

sexual reproduction

Back 150

reproduction involving theexchange of genetic material between twoindividuals resulting in offspring that aregenetically different from the parents

Front 151

short circuit

Back 151

accidental low-resistance connection between two points in a circuit, often causing excess current to flow

Front 152

solar wind

Back 152

streams of electrically charged particlesdischarged by the Sun in every direction; solarwind passes Earth at nearly 400 km/s

Front 153

solstice

Back 153

either of two times in the year when theSun reaches its highest or lowest point in the skyat noon; in the northern hemisphere, the summersolstice occurs near June 21 (longest day of theyear) and the winter solstice occurs near December21 (shortest day)

Front 154

solubility

Back 154

mass of a substance that can dissolve ina given amount of solvent to form a saturatedsolution at a given temperature

Front 155

solution

Back 155

homogeneous mixture; mixture of two or more pure substances that looks like one substance

Front 156

“sour” gas

Back 156

natural gas that contains hydrogensulfide

Front 157

space junk

Back 157

refers to all the pieces of debris thathave fallen off rockets, satellites, space shuttles,and space stations and remain floating in space

Front 158

space probes

Back 158

unmanned satellites or remotecontrolled “landers” used to explore areas or objects in space that are too difficult or dangerous to send humans to

Front 159

species

Back 159

living things of the same kind that are ableto reproduce successfully

Front 160

spectrometer

Back 160

an instrument used by astronomersto observe and measure the spectrum of a star

Front 161

sperm cell

Back 161

a male sex cell

Front 162

spore

Back 162

a cell produced by asexual reproduction incertain organisms such as ferns, which candevelop directly into an adult

Front 163

spring acid shock

Back 163

concentration of acid that candramatically lower the pH of the water in a pond,slough, lake, or river for a short period of time;occurs in areas where acid precipitation is aproblem and acidic deposits build up in ice andsnow in the winter; in spring, when the ice andsnow melt, the acid meltwater flows into aquaticsystems

Front 164

stamen

Back 164

the male part of a flower

Front 165

states of matter

Back 165

refers to the three common statesin which matter can exist: solid, liquid, and gas

Front 166

static electricity

Back 166

a stationary electric charge

Front 167

storm sewers

Back 167

large pipes that carry runoff waterfrom yards and streets directly (without treatment)into a river, lake, or ocean

Front 168

style

Back 168

the structure that supports the stigma andconnects it with the ovary of a plant

Front 169

sublimation

Back 169

change of state from a solid to a gas orfrom a gas to a solid

Front 170

subphylum (plural subphyla)

Back 170

a secondary categoryof a phylum in the classification of living things,which includes one or more classes

Front 171

substrate

Back 171

surface on which an organism lives ormoves

Front 172

sulfur dioxide (SO2(g))

Back 172

forms when sulfur combineswith oxygen in the air; major air pollutant thatforms both smog and acid rain; major source:industrial processes

Front 173

Sun-like stars

Back 173

one of the two main types of starsthat can form (the other being massive stars,which are, by comparison, larger in mass thanSun-like stars)

Front 174

superconductor

Back 174

perfect conductor; substance withno resistance to electron flow

Front 175

supernova

Back 175

an enormous explosion that marks thedeath of a massive star

Front 176

suspension

Back 176

cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another, and the particles can be separated out

Front 177

sustainability

Back 177

use of resources at a rate that can bemaintained indefinitely without depleting theresources or harming the environment

Front 178

symbiosis

Back 178

the relationship between two differentspecies

Front 179

thermal energy

Back 179

total kinetic energy of all theparticles in a substance; the faster a particle movesthe more kinetic energy it has; if you have twocups holding equal amounts of water, the onecontaining more thermal energy will feel warmer

Front 180

thermocouple

Back 180

device consisting of two wires of different metals joined such that a voltage is produced between the ends in proportion to the difference in their temperatures

Front 181

toxic

Back 181

poisonous

Front 182

toxicity

Back 182

how poisonous a substance is

Front 183

trait

Back 183

a characteristic of an organism

Front 184

transformer

Back 184

device that changes electricity at one voltage into electricity at a different voltage; a step-up transformer increases the voltage;

Front 185

transistor

Back 185

device usually with three layers arranged such that a small voltage through the middle layer controls a current between the outer layers, allowing the device to act as a switch or amplifier

Front 186

triangulation

Back 186

a method of indirectly measuringdistance by creating an imaginary triangle betweenan observer and an object whose distance away isto be estimated

Front 187

turbine

Back 187

machine that uses the flow of a fluid such as steam, water, or air to rotate a shaft

Front 188

variability

Back 188

variations within a species

Front 189

variable resistor

Back 189

resistor whose resistance can be changed by adjusting the portion of the resistor the current travels through

Front 190

vegetative reproduction

Back 190

a type of asexualreproduction in plants that does not involve theformation of a seed

Front 191

volt (V)

Back 191

the unit of voltage

Front 192

voltage

Back 192

a measure of how much electrical energy acharged particle carries

Front 193

voltage drop

Back 193

voltage across a resistor or other device in a circuit

Front 194

voltmeter

Back 194

instrument for measuring potential difference in volts

Front 195

water table

Back 195

top of the groundwater zone

Front 196

watt (W)

Back 196

the unit of power, equal to one joule per second

Front 197

wet cell

Back 197

electrochemical primary cell having a liquid electrolyte

Front 198

white dwarf

Back 198

one of the latter stages in the life cycle of a Sun-like star during which the star collapses; white dwarfs are hot but very faint

Front 199

WHMIS

Back 199

Workplace Hazardous MaterialsInformation System; a system of easy-to-seewarning symbols on hazardous materials

Front 200

zenith

Back 200

the highest point in the sky directlyoverhead

Front 201

zygote

Back 201

e a fertilized egg