Table 12.4 Neurotransmitters

Front 1

ACh

Back 1

It has a chemical structure significantly different from other neurotransmitters and for this reason is placed in its own structural category; active in both the CNS and PNS; in the PNS it is released into the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, inhibits cardiac muscle, either inhibits or excites smooth muscle and glands.

Front 2

Amino Acids

Back 2

Molecules with both carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) groups and various R groups; building blocks of proteins; act as signaling molecules in the nervous system.
Glutamate, apartate; serine; gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine

Front 3

Structural category: monoamines

Back 3

Molecules synthesized from an amino acid by removal of the carboxyl group and retaining the single amine group; also called biogenic amines.
histamine, serotonin, catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline).

Front 4

Structural category: neuropeptides

Back 4

Small moleuels made of chains of amino acids; act as signals to assist in and modulate communication between neurons and other cells.
Enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, substance P, cholecystokinin, Beta-endorphin, neurotensin

Front 5

Structural category: It has a chemical structure significantly different from other neurotransmitters and for this reason is placed in its own structural category; active in both the CNS and PNS; in the PNS it is released into the neuromuscular junction to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, inhibits cardiac muscle, either inhibits or excites smooth muscle and glands.

Back 5

ACh
Acetylcholine

Front 6

Structural category: Molecules with both carboxyl (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) groups and various R groups; building blocks of proteins; act as signaling molecules in the nervous system.
Glutamate, apartate; serine; gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine

Back 6

Amino Acids

Front 7

Structural category: Molecules synthesized from an amino acid by removal of the carboxyl group and retaining the single amine group; also called biogenic amines.
histamine, serotonin, catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline).

Back 7

Monamines

Front 8

Structural category: Small moleuels made of chains of amino acids; act as signals to assist in and modulate communication between neurons and other cells.
Enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, substance P, cholecystokinin, Beta-endorphin, neurotensin

Back 8

Neuropeptides

Front 9

List the amino acids in this structural category: (5)

Back 9

Glutamate
Aspartate
serine
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Glycine

Front 10

List the monoamines in this structural catetory: (6)

Back 10

histamine
serotonin
catecholamines - dopamine, norepinepherine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline)

Front 11

List the neuropeptides in this structural category: (7)

Back 11

enkephalin
neuropeptide Y
somatostatin
substance P
cholecystokinin
beta-endorphin
neurotensin

Front 12

List the "other" neurotransmitters in this structural category: (2)

Back 12

adenosine
nitric oxide

Front 13

Excites activity in nervous system to promote cognitive function in the brain (learning and memory); most common neurotransmitter in the brain.

Back 13

glutamate
(amino acid)

Front 14

glutamate
(amino acid)

Back 14

Excites activity in nervous system to promote cognitive function in the brain (learning and memory); most common neurotransmitter in the brain.

Front 15

Most common neurotransmitter in the brain

Back 15

glutamate
(amino acid)

Front 16

Excites activity primarily in descending motor pathways through the spinal cord to skeletal muscle

Back 16

aspartate
(amino acid)

Front 17

aspartate
(amino acid)

Back 17

Excites activity primarily in descending motor pathways through the spinal cord to skeletal muscle

Front 18

Activates specific receptors in diverse areas of the brain.

Back 18

serine
(amino acid)

Front 19

serine
(amino acid)

Back 19

Activates specific receptors in diverse areas of the brain.