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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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% of deaths caused by tobacco use in US
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18.10%
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% caused by pollutants/toxins
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2.20%
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Some neuro effects caused by Mercury
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cerebral palsy, MR/DD, dieequil, ataxia, psych disturb
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which type of fish are high in mercury and should not be eaten more than 6 oz a month
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Bass, Brown trout, White canned tuna, shark and swordfish
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most potent stimulator of natural origin
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cocaine
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problem c mercury's effects on neuronal and glial cells
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low levels of glutathione, shown in Autistic pts
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this form of cocaine is preferred because it is absorbed immediately into the blood via lungs and reaches brain in 5 sec
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freebase
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difference in freebase cocaine and regular cocaine
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Cl is removed in freebase
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what do you add to make crack cocaine
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use of baking soda instead of ammonia b/c of low toxicity and stench
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cocaine is a potent blocker of ___
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dopamine transporter
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cocaine less poteny blocker of
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NE & Serotonin
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where does cocaine go once it enters the body
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reward areas- ventral tegmantal area, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex
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what is it effects on the uptake sites
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it binds and leaves a higher conc of dopamine in synaptic cleft
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snorted form of cocaine
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Cocaine HCl, also IV or orally
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pure base form using water, ether and heat
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freebase
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cocaine c alcohol
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Cocaethylene- really bad
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mech of cocaine
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blocks K and Na- acts as a local anestetic & non selective of NE, Dopamine, and Serotonin
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Side effects of Cocaine
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enamel and tooth decay, increase in body temp
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antidote for cocaine use
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None
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was the Cocaine in Coca-Cola in its early days
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yes
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chemical that has stimulant properties that was a problem in Hawaii which started in the 1980's
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Methamphetamine
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Meth effects
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Euphoria, sexual confidence, alertness, sexual enhancement
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psych effects of crystal meth
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higher doses- hypomania, grandiosity, Extreme insomnia, irritability, Frank psychosis
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short term effects of Meth
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tachycardia, HTN, Tachypnea, hyperthermia
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How is Meth metabolized and which group is deficient here
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CYP 2D6, 3-10% of white population
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What are Meth Amphet neurotoxic effects
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most devastating and are potentially permanent
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what causes this Neurotoxicity
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decrease in DAT levels reflecting irreverible dopamine terminal damage are thought to may cause this
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Area where MA targets dopamine
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orbitofrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and amygdala
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MA role in HIV- drug resistance and forget to take HIV meds
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Crystal Meth W/D
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Terrible Tuesday, depression, irratitability, suicidal ideation, and chronic depression c long term use-maybe even 2-5 yrs after abstinence
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Neurotransmitter functions
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Dopamine
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reward and addiction pathway
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Serotonin
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mood, sleep, sex, appetite
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Norepinephrine
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increases BP, gives energy
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NT and club drugs
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Crystal Meth
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Dopamine & NE
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Ecstacy
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Dopamine, Serotinin
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Cocaine
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Dopamine, NE, Serotonin
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targets of reward pathway by addictive drugs
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nucleus accumbens
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effects of MA on diff parts of brain
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frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum
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crystal depletes dopamine in ___ causing Parkinsons dx risk
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nigro-striatal tract
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MA's long term psyche effects
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mimic schizo but last for several days or weeks, also showed that addicts had ADD children
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Treatment of the Psychosis caused by MA
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Neuroleptics-Zyprexa, Risperdal
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these receptors may reduce drug cravings
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D1
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receptors may increase drug cravings
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D2
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Deaths caused by Crystal Meth and HIV meds
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3Tc, Saquinavir, and Ritonavir
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2 reported with Ecstacy and__
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Ritonavir
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Tx of Addiction- treating substance induced psychiatric disorders
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Welbutrin-Bupropion, Celexa, Ambien, depakote for mood stabilizer
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tx for psychosis/anxiety
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zyprexa and risperdal
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Amphetamines
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disadvantages are mult daily doses and high abuse potential
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Dextroamphetamine
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longer acting, easy to titrate
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Mixed Amphetamine Salts
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safer lot less headaches, GI problems, and better quality sleep
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Methylphenidate
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% of ADHD patients that cannot tolerate the meds
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30-40%
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1st line antidepressant agent for ADD/ADHD
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Straterra, has no abuse potential but sedation is possible
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stimulates release of NE
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benzphetamine, phendometrazine, phenteremine, diethylpropion
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inh NE and serotonin reuptake-
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sibutramine
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That is MDMA
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Hallucinogen- thought to be truth serum used by US Army
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Effects of MDMA
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onset 30 min, effects last 3-4 hrs-enhancement of sight, sound and touch-very pleasant
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Side effects of MDMA
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increases BP & HR, Psychotic episodes, chills, sweating, insomnia, severe anxiety, decresed appetite
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Ecstacy MDMA Intox
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sensual not sexual, euphoria
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MDMA elicits large increases in
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Serotonin
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MDMA effects has been seen to effect as late as
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7 yrs
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effects of cannaboids
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early- euphoria, oncontrollable laughter, increased appetite, altered sense of time- late- difficulty conc and decreased memory
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mech of cannaboids
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CB1 and CB2
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Uses of cannaboids
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Cancer-amelioration of N and V, AIDS- appetite stimulant, & Chronic Pain
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****** 3 hallucinogens c cross tolerance
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LSD, Mescaline, & Psilocybin
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Hallucinogen effects
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enhanced sensations from all sensory inputs
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Mech of Halluc
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CNS Serotoinin agonism & CNS serotonin rec antagonisn
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Tx of Hallucinogen
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talk down patient, withdrawal not common, BARBs and BZDs for acute psychotic episodes
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which abuser can you turn your back on LSD or PCP
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LSD
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most dangerous hallucinogen-psychomimetic
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PCP-Phencyclidine
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mech of PCP
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NMDA antagonist
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hyperreflexia, hypersalivation, nystagmus, catatonic poisoning fatal seizures-
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diagnostic physiological features of PCP
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Tx for PCP
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BZD-seizures haloperidol for chronic psychotic episodes
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