T2 Nishiyama Pathology Review Slides

Front 1

cerebellar atrophy - occurs in chronic alcoholism. recognized by the space btw folia

Back 1

1. Look at folia. What is abnormal about them. Complication of alcoholism

Front 2

internal capsule or basal ganglia. HTN.

Back 2

2. What was a predisposing factor for this catastrophe?

Front 3

spina bifida xray or pathologic; myelomeningocele - contains spinal cord, meninges, & skin

Back 3

7. List the types of tissue that may be included in this abnormality.

Front 4

hemorrhagic infarct. possible fat emboli, but do not form lower margin, would be whole area involved.

Back 4

3. The final diagnosis is up for grabs. Your opinion is just as good mine.

Front 5

subdural hematoma. What caused hemorrhage: rupture of bridging veins.

Back 5

4. What is the source of bleeding in this type of injury?

Front 6

abnormality mammilary bodies hemorrhagic. brown areas red in fresh state resembling hemorrhage. necrosis mammilary bodies in Wernicke's encephalopathy. result thiamine deficiency or chronic alcoholism.
A: typical change in wernicke encephalopathy. hemorrhagic necrosis of mammillary bodies.

Back 6

8. What clinical syndrome is typified by this type of abnormality?

Front 7

extensive injury of soft tissue and perhaps, one or two broken limbs
Fat emboli. Involved in accident, with extensive soft tissue injury.

Back 7

5. May not see the changes clearly, but this type of abnormality consists of numerous petechial hemorrhages which follow extensive injury of soft tissue and perhaps, one or two broken limbs

Front 8

hemorrhagic infarct. cause of infarct: embolus. enlarged ventricle bc of swelling.
embolus - hemorrhagic; thrombus - ischemic infarct

Back 8

6. Thrombus or embolus as cause of these changes?

Front 9

subdural hemorrhage.

Back 9

9. What is the source of bleeding is this type of hemorrhage?

Front 10

Intracranial hemorrhage due to hypertension. Right in basal ganglia.

Back 10

10. Characteristic area of hemorrhage in a patient with ____________.

Front 11

Duret hemorrhage. finding in the pons. Associated w/transtentorial herniation. Increased ICP

Back 11

11. This type of hemorrhage is associated with what phenomenon that occurs in the cranial cavity?

Front 12

AVM. involves brain parenychma. age group effects?

Back 12

12. What vascular abnormality is this?

Front 13

Lacunar infarct. Caused by hypertension. Liquefaction necrosis in chronic condition.

Back 13

13. This is an example of a _______ infarct.

Front 14

Tonsillar herniation. Inc ICP.

Back 14

14. This type of change involves the cerebellar tonsils w
when what change occurs in the cranial cavity for an extended period of time?

Front 15

countrecoup injury. person falling backwards and hitting base of head against object.
coup injury in front of head; contrecoup backward injury.

Back 15

15. What category of injury to the brain is this – coup or contrecoup?

Front 16

hemorrhagic Infarcts. embolus. source of emboli - most common sources showers small emboli - MI mural thrombus. more common than atrial fibrillation, carotid. problems with heart.

Back 16

16. Thrombus or embolus as cause of these changes?

Front 17

Uncal herniation. Tissue herniated on right side. Cause increased ICP (any space-occupying lesion)

Back 17

17. What is the abnormality in this picture? The abnormality reflects a change in the equilibrium with in the cranial cavity. What is the change?

Front 18

dilated ventricles - hydrocephalus. communicating

Back 18

18. What is the abnormality in this slide?

Front 19

Epidural hematoma. A blood clot is seen over the external surface of the dura. Such a location for hemorrhage is virtually always the result of trauma that causes a tear in the middle meningeal artery.

Back 19

19. What is the source of blood in this type of hematoma?

Front 20

most common cause berry aneurysm. trauma. subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Back 20

20. The most common cause of this type of hemorrhage in the brain is ____________.

Front 21

dark brown areas hemorrhage. hemorrhagic infarct.

Back 21

21. What pathologic nomenclature would you attach to this lesion?

Front 22

Charcot-Bouchard. multiple small aneurysms.

Back 22

22. Rupture of these small aneurysms that affect the small arteries in the brain that culminates in the hemorrhage that is so characteristic in hypertensive patients, These are ________ _________ aneurysms.

Front 23

surface phenomenon. surface tissue lost. multiple contusions. bruising. underlying tissue may be necrotic.

Back 23

23. The arrows designate what changes?

Front 24

subarachnoid hemorrhage. leave imprint on brain. similar to above pict.

Back 24

24. The change on the surface of the brain was caused by _____________.

Front 25

Arnold Chiari malformation - caused to small. cerebellum pushed down into brainstem. Larger than normal Dandy-Walker. roofless, cyst?

Back 25

25. This type of malformation is a reflection of the size of the _______ ______, and in this case it is smaller or is it bigger than normal?

Front 26

Mammilary body brown bc specimen fixed. Wernicke encephalopathy secondary to chronic alcoholism. Korsikoff's kyphosis w/confabulation.

Back 26

26. A change that reflects a deficiency of a substance that may be caused by limited intake of appropriate food or by alcoholism. What is the abnormality?

Front 27

Looks similar to above, but is Ischemic infarct with thrombus.

Back 27

27. What is the lesion?

Front 28

abnormality on left near hole; soft area. Respirator brain. Global ischemia.

Back 28

28. Extensive softening of the brain from necrosis and autolysis occurred in this woman who suffered a prolonged hypotensive episode. She never regained consciousness. How would you categorize the changes in the brain?

Front 29

hemorrhagic infarct. embolus.

Back 29

29. Thrombus or embolus as a cause?

Front 30

basal ganglia affected area.

Back 30

30. Hypertensive hemorrhage?

Front 31

hemorrhagic fat embolus. same thing.

Back 31

31. What type of infarct is this? Ischemic or hemorrhagic?