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6 Cards in this Set
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Objective - what are acitinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and keratoacanthoma? include prognosis and etiologyL
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acatinic kratosis - light discolorations, these involve weirdly shaped cells in the epidermal layer and up, sometimes can count as 'carcinoma in situ' if full epidermis is weirdly shaped. rarely but sometimes malignant later on. it's DYSPLASTIC. Also note that the DERMIS got baked by the sun and and has gaps that allows the swelling to happen.
squamous cell carcinoma: MATURE keratinocyte cancer. sun exposed, older people. see squamous cells moving down into the dermis from the epidermis (invasive). full thickness of the epidermis included, for sure. weird projections into dermis. only 5% in LN at time of diagnosis. basal cell carcinoma: most common cancer, rarely metastasizes. cancer of IMMATURE keratinocytes. see nodules of epithelial-like basal cells in balls floating around in the dermis. "pearly papules." not black or anything. on the skin, see light mole with blood vessels. keratoacanthoma = well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, tendency to involute and form craters. |
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what are melanocytic nevi? definition, types, presentation, morphology. what about dysplastic nevi?
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recall that melanocytes are little dark guys intermixed with the keratinocytes at the bottom of the epidermic.
melanocytic nevi are any BENIGN (either acquired or congenital) neoplasm of melanocytes. see melanocytes dive individually into the dermis, getting smaller/more spread out = BEAUTY SPOTS. some can lead to melanoma, rare. dysplastic nevi can be sporadic or familial. if familial, = melanoma precursor, 100% of time. though this is generally rare for melanomas (most don't come from nevi). |
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ditto for melanoma:
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melanoma is rarer than squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma - but it's much worse. first grows "radially" = fill up the epidermis, can become "in situ," not malignant. eventually grows vertically into dermis and has malignant potential.
need to know the depth of penetration to predict outcome. most are sporadic, a few familial melanomas exist. think CDKn2A. |
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mycosis fungiodies? sezary syndrome?
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this is where you get weird CD4 t cells (helper cells) in the skin. Considered a LYMPHOMA. aka CUTANEOUS T CELL LYMPHOMA. get rash to plaque to tumor.
sezary syndrome is like this, but also have tumor cells present in the blood. This is far worse - those with mycosis fungiodies often survive years, those with sezary syndrome don't last too long. |
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merkel cell carcinoma, acanthosis nigricans, fibrous histocytoma?
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if you hear merkel cell carcinoma, associate it with NEUROENDOCRINE skin tumors. Also an older person, head and neck involvement.
acanthosis nigricans = when your skin turns black from stomach or lung cancer. They release EGF. fibrous histocytoma: probably a dermatofibroma, a benign, factor 13a producing dendrocytic neoplasm. |
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seborrheic keratosis, adnexal skin tumors?
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seborrheic keratosis - benign epidermal neoplasm. bumpy, show really weird looking epidermal layer with no invasion (really big/notched)
adnexal skin tumors: nothing in the lecture mentioned this, not in the book. |
