Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Why is conversion from soft tissue benign tumors to malignant so common?
|
it's not - almost never happens, except in NF1 (neurofibromatosis), where nerve sheath tumors get malignant.
|
|
|
by what method do sarcomas metastasize?
|
generally via the blood. exceptions that use lymph include
angiosarcoma (ironic), rhabdomyosarcoma epiteloid sarcomas (makes sense) |
|
|
What are things that predispose sarcomas?
|
RB mutations, P53 (li fraumeni), gardner's syndrome (mesenteric fibromatosis), NF1,
exposure to herbisides, chloroophenols, dioxin, radiation. |
|
|
what are some signs that a soft tissue tumor is benign or malignant?
are there any tumors that are automatically high grade? |
benign tumors tend to be shallow, small, have normal mittoc figures, have DELICATE CHROMATIN, and nuclear uniformity.
malignant tumors tend to be deep to fascia, LARGE, COARSE chromatin, weird mitosis, lots of cellular irregularity/lack of matching. high grade tumors = rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, ewing's, pleomormphic sarcoma, |
|
|
what are reactive pseudosarcomatous reactions? how do they present and what happens?
|
sometimes from trauma, sometimes idiopathic. this includes:
Nodular Fasciitis - Usually upper arms/trunk, after trauma, LOTS of mitosis, sometimes invades muscles, FULL of lymphocytes (hence fasciitis name), always cured by removing. Myositis Ossificans - usually from dead muscle after trauuma. Get weird bone formations with OSSIFICATION AT PERIPHERY of tumor (in contrast to myosarcomas, with bone formation at the center). |
|
|
What about benign fibrous tumors? which should we know about?
|
FIBROMATOSIS - benign, see "superficial" palmar (trigger finger screwup), plantar, penile.
"deep" = abdominal desmoid, mesenteric fibromatosis (gardner's) extra-abdominal (limb girdle) - can be locally aggressive. |
|
|
benign blood vessel tumors?
|
think HEMANGIOMAS, which make you think of
Capillary (strawberry nevous), maybe disfigure, usually diesapper. instead of capillary, can be CAVERNOUS (= port wine marks), on the face - these DON'T REGRESS (maybe associate MAFUCCI's Syndrome with it?) |
|
|
what's glomis tumor?
|
PERI-vascular malformation, the smooth muscles around the AV shunts near the superfiical skin layers. Painful, skin and nails.
more likely in females. Cold temp/touch = pain. |
|
|
what are our benign lipid tumors?
|
Lipoma = MOST COMMON SOFT TISSUE TUMOR. Usually on back/shoulder/neck/abdomen/proximal extremities.
Intramuscular lipomas - large extremity mscles, Symmetrical lipomatosis = neck and shoulder. |
|
|
what's a granular cell tumor?
|
also benign, causes squamous cell hyperplasia above it. neural origin. maybe TURNS INTO SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA.
|
|
|
dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans?
|
this is a superfiical layer MALIGNANT tumor - starts out as plaque, then nodule.
has STORIFORM arrangement (cartwheel). |
|
|
fibrosarcoma?
|
herring bone!
deep tissue, recurrent, high grade are bad news. burns/irradiated tissue. |
|
|
what's the kind of soft tissue malignancy most likely to develop after radiation?
|
Malignant Fibrous HisteoCytoma. Immediately associate this with post radiation therapy.
|
|
|
what's the story with liposarcomas, what do they look like, etc?
|
Most common sarcoma of middle aged people.
Look like fat, but with lipoblasts (signet rings from compressed nuclei). Can be well differentiated (not so bad) pleomorphic (dead soon), or miyxoid. |
|
|
if I tell you a kid has a tumor growing near a joint space, what to think of? trasnlocation?
|
synovial sarcoma - most common OF YOUNG ADULTS. Deep thigh, around knee, foot. X:18 translocation.
|
|
|
where does leiomyosarcoma show up?
|
gi tract and uterus (where you have lots of smooth muscle).
|
|
|
What's there to know about angiosarcoma? where does it show up, typical symptoms, survival...
|
this is not good.
shows up in OLD PEOPLE, scalp in particular. See blood filled endotheliia in weird places, large sizes, gross. used to see in post-radical mastectomy patients (stewart treves syndrome). low survival. |
|
|
rhabdomyosarcoma? translocations? what kinds are there?
|
immediately think about 2:13 or 1:13 in the alveolar version!
there is the EMBRYONAL kind (most common sarcoma in KIDS) - head and neck, Botryoid variant is least deadly. It's grape like. Alveolar - young adults with the translocations. deep muscles. RARE = pleomorphic type, seen in adults. not much is said. |
