T2 - Micro - Virology 10 - Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, And Filovirus

Front 1

Bunyaviridae - what are our diseases of interest in this group? Specifically, which virus species should we know?

Back 1

Immediately think about the hantaviruses (those that cause Hemorrhagic Fever + Renal Sydnrome and those that cause Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome)

don't forget Rift Valey Fever - this is a potential bioweapon because it's so stable.

When it comes to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), we should think of Sin Nombre Virus (SNV).

Front 2

Talk about Bunyavirus genetics, replication, and cell exit, structure?

Back 2

these are (-) sense RNA viruses, single stranded. Three segments (L)arge, (m)edium, and (s)mall.

Use receptors, endocytosis, BUD THROUGH GOLGI and/or cell membrane, so they have golgi proteins in their envelope.

this is bolded - there is no MATRIX PROTEIN, which means it can't be targeted by some antivirals.

Front 3

what's the thing to remember about bunyavirus spread?

Back 3

bunyavirus, like flavavirus (st. louis, west nile, dengue, yellow fever) and togavirus (rubella and the alpha viruses which are WEE/EEE), are often borne by vectors of some kind.

Front 4

talk about the bunyavirus lung infection - what causes it, disease progression, specific virus)

Back 4

this is hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) - here, it's helpful to think about the SIN NOMBRE virus, isolated from four corners/New Mexico. BORNE BY MICE!

aerosolized mice poop/urine/saliva.

note that this is different than the hantavirus hemorrhagic fever + renal syndrome.

there's a fever prodrome followed by respiratory collapse that happens abruptly.

Front 5

how does sin nombre cause disease? pathophysiology?

Back 5

sin nombre is a hantavirus, part of the bunyaviride family.

Infects endothelial cells and macs, that's how its preads around.

Get lots of pro-inflammatory cytokines made (TNFalpha, interferon gamma, IL1).

vascular leak of cells and PULMONARY EDEMA results. Also get cell-mediated attack of healthy cells.

Front 6

how do you treat/stop/diagnose Sin Nombre

Back 6

this particular bunyavirus/hantavirus is hard to treat- generally supportive.

maybe inotropic agents (dobutamine), maybe ribivarin.

supportive.

control with future vaccines, HYGIENE,

hard to diagnose, looks like flu - but usually no upper respiratory symptoms/ear pain/sinus pain.

Front 7

Arenaviridae - what are our viruses of interest? What's the reservoir?

Back 7

When you hear arenaviridae, think of LASA FEVER.

also add in Junin virus
Machupo virus
Guanarito Virus
Sabia virus
and White Water Arroyo virus.

Note that these may all be grouped into LCMV - the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.

The reservoir here is rodents and bats (don't forget that the bunyaviruses, specifically the hantaviruses that cause HPS, are found in mice).

according to his map distribution, LCMV is found all over america/europe, while Lasa and the other bad ones are found in subsaharan africa and south america.

generally, the arena viruses are like the more severe hemorrhagic viruses, but with slower progressions.

Front 8

Structure of the arenoviruses? Genetics?

Back 8

arena = sandy, because the arena viruses have RIBOSOMES INSIDE OF THEM, which is totally weird for a virus.

these are AMBISENSE RNA viruses, that have both (-) and (+) sides (so there's potential for complementarity).

only have a Large and Small segment (really few genes very small).

Front 9

what's Lasa Fever Virus? treatment?

Back 9

in africa.

remember it's an arenavirus, so it has ribosomes inside of it and it's ambisense.

lives in mice.

20% of people infected end up with serious multi-organ disease, 80% show no signs.

several thousand deaths per year.

IF YOU SURVIVE, YOU ARE LIKELY TO GO DEAF. If epidemic, 50% dead.

Want to use ribivirin, but problem is that it's misdiagnosed as malaria and people are sent home improperly treated.

Front 10

Junin Virus?

Back 10

30% fatal. lives in rodents. One of our south american varieties. This one's hemorrhagic.

HAIR LOSS/neurological problems. Kidney problems.

also hemorrhagic symptoms

Front 11

Machupo virus? what's unique here?

Back 11

bolivian hemorrhagic virus.

rodents again.

INFECTIOUS DOSE is really small (1-10 virions). Targets macrophages.

Front 12

Sabia virus? What's been useful about LCMV?

Back 12

this infected the yale guy. Brazilian.

LCMV's been the disease that T cell memory was all figured out in, won some nobel prizes.

Front 13

Filoviridae - what are our bugs? Reservoir? Spread?

Back 13

Ebola and Marburg viruses.

reservoir not known, maybe bats for marburg.

spread by intimate contact and MOSTLY IN THE HOSPITAL.

Front 14

talk about symptoms of filo infections

Back 14

abrupt onset, short incubation (4-10 days). Death around day 7-11. Abrupt onset of symptoms. Painful recovery.

have fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle problems, bleeding under skin, organ bleeding.

Front 15

what causes death? treatment?

Back 15

NOT Blood loss! it's from shock.

people use ribiviirin, not approved, maybe helpful.