T2 - Micro - Parasites 5 - Pinworms, Hookworms, And Whipworms

Front 1

What causes pinworms?

what's the life cycle?

Back 1

Enterobius vermicularis.

pretty simple ass to mouth life cycle. Males/females live in the colon. Survive 2 months, during which they mate.

Females swim out the ass and EXPLODE, flinging eggs everywhere. Become 2nd stage infective within 4-6 hours. Lay eggs at night.

Eggs go from ass to door knobs, eaten.

Front 2

this life cycle allows something special - what's that?

Back 2

most helminth infections, if you're not re-infected, end when the adults die off (notable exceptions).

Here, because the eggs develop and become infectious so quickly, you can have persistent infections - eggs can hatch on ass and crawl back up colon.

Front 3

what are some pathologies of pinworms?

Back 3

Enterobious vermicularis can cause ANAL PURITIS due to the sticky shit the eggs are covered in. Can crawl up vag and cause problems in GU tract/fallopian tubes. Granulomas possible.

Front 4

how do you diagnose pinworms?

Back 4

Enterobious vermicularis - think SCOTCH TAPE TEST - put tape on kids buttholes and examine under scope. See eggs/adults.

Front 5

treatment/control?

Back 5

treat with pyantel pamoate and mebendazole. May have to do repeated courses, do whole family.

Control with better sanitation. Handwashing, cleanings.

Front 6

Hookworm infections! what's our causative agent?

Back 6

2 hookworms - ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus.

Front 7

what's a distinctive characteristic of our hookworms? and what's their life cycle?

Back 7

Ancyclostoma duodenale has BIG FUCKING TEETH and Necator americanus has CUTTING PLATES, they use to grip on to the SMALL INTESTINES.

In the intestine, the female lays lots of eggs which fall out the ass.

the L1 (Rhabiditiform) hatch and develop into the L3 stage (filariform) - so now they're out of the eggs and free larvae.

These stand up and penetrate the skin (usually feet) and enter blood stream.

Deposit in the pulmonary beds of the lungs, get coughed up and swallowed, start small infection all over again.

This is a lot like the roundworm, 'cept in escaris, the eggs are swallowed - here, larvae are taken up through skin penetration.

note that necator can also be swallowed as larvae.

Front 8

pathologies associated with the hookworms?

Back 8

ancyclostoma and necator americanus can CAUSE EXTREME ANEMIA - find REALLY low hematocrits. This is due to the constant biting of the intestines and continual bleeding. Though you don't necessarily see lots of blood in the poop (remember that this is in the small intestine, so the blood's generally absorbed before it hits the stool).

Of course, because it has a pulmonary stage, it can cause Loffler's syndrome! See big eosinophelia.

penetration point gets itchy (ground itch) = cutaneous lesions.

acute infection has nausea/headache/diarrhea.

chronic is anemia, loss of serum proteins.

Front 9

who's at risk?

Back 9

again, problems with night soil (just like ascaris). here, though that's different, people without shoes are at serious risk here.

Front 10

treatment?

Back 10

albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate.

don't forget to treat the anemia.

Front 11

Whipworms! what causes these? Lifecycle?

Back 11

Trichuris Trichura

Live in cecum. Simple fecal/oral transmission. Eggs in poop, HAVE TO INCUBATE FOR 3 WEEKS IN SOIL (senate whip is slow) before infective.

Eat eggs, hatch out in small intestine, migrate to cecum.

Burrow into wall, spit out eggs.

Front 12

pathology of the whipworms?

Back 12

trichuris causes bad things when there's a high worm burden.

abdominal pain, bloody poop, straining to poop.

DON'T FORGET PROLAPSED, WORM COVERED COLONS. Perhaps severe anemia (whipworms really work their way into the intestine).

often seen with hookworms and roundworms, so figuring out what causes what is hard.

anemia also listed, though i'm sure it's less pronounced than that seen in hookworms.

Front 13

epidemiology of the whipworms? Diagnosis? treatment?

Back 13

trichuris depends again on nigh soil -

see eggs in poop for diagnosis. Can estimate burden from egg count (fairly constant laying rate).



treat with mebendazole and albendazole.