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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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we know that fungi can cause allergies, toxomycosis, and mycoses. what do the opportunistic infections cause?
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varied mycoses (superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic)
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what are our pathogenic genera of oppoertunistic fungi?
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Candida albicans
cryptoccus neoformans aspergillus pneymocystis jiroveci zygomycetes. CC zap. |
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What do you need going wrong to get infected with the opportunistic fungi?
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broad spectrum antibiotics for long time (easy way to get candida)
immunosuppressants radiation t-helper death (aids) aner, burns, ID. diabetes. don't foreget the antibiotic use. |
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what's unique about candida albicans morphology? how can you tell between the endogenous and invasive forms?
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makes GERM TUBE when grown with serum at 37 degrees.
the invasive form is the HYPHAE - in calm endogenous form, it lives as a yeast. |
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what diseases can be caused by candida?
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cutaneous - vaginitis and thrush.
chrono mucocutaneous systemic - everywhere in immunocompromised people (NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS) |
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candida virulence factors?
how do you diagnose? |
SAPs (secreted aspartyl proteinases), adherence factors, dimorphism.
hard to diagnose - lots of candida everywhere in you normally. KOH preps with yeast and hyphae. |
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Cryptococcous - what's unique about it? Typical disease caused? Endogenous/Exogenous?
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only ENCAPSULATED fungi. Also, NOT DIMORPHIC - see ovoid yeast (no hyphae!).
immediately think about meningitis - cerebromeningeal envolvement. also NOT ENDOGENOUS - comes from bird poop. |
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how can you tell cryptoccous on culture?
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remember it comes from bird poop, grows on BIRDSEED AGAR, and makes MELANIN - turns brown.
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Aspergillosis - what does it look like?
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SEPTATE HYPHY is keyword. Waving hand. Remember that this is a big allergin, and it does this by making so many spores.
don't forget aspirgiolomas |
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what diseases can aspergillis cause? what's unique here? how do you diagnose it?
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allergic reactions in the lungs, aspergilomas, non-invasive, invasive.
it's TOXICOSIS - has toxic metabolites that cause liver cancer. Also can occlude blood vessels. see SEPTATE HYPHAE on plates. |
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Pneumocystis Jeroveci - what does it cause? what's unique?
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PCP in immunosuppression patients. It's a fungus.
NO ERGOSTEROL - so traditional antifungals don't work against it. Obligate human parasite. has MAJOR SURFACE PROTEINS (msg) also, BIG TIME, don't forget the CYSTS and TROPHOZOITES |
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what does PCP look like? disease progression? treatment?
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patchy diffused Xrays. Pink, foamy cells in the alveoli.
slow progression in AIDS patients, abrupt progression in drug-taking immunosuppressed people. treatment here is BACTRIM. |
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Zygomycosis - what do you see to differentiate it? Clinical presentations?
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non-septated hyphae. Clinical presentations - pulmonary and cutaneous. invades blood vessels, seen in metablolic acidosis.
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