Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
819 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
FROM
|
OTIC
|
|
|
HAIR
|
CELLS
|
|
|
1
|
INNER
|
|
|
CONDUCTION
|
DEAFNESS
|
|
|
COCHLEAR
|
HAIR
|
|
|
SPIRAL
|
GANGLION
|
|
|
COCHLEAR
|
NUCLEUS,
|
|
|
SUPERIOR
|
OLIVARY
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
LEMNISCUS
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
COLLICULUS
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
GENICULATE
|
|
|
CEREBRAL
|
CORTEX:
|
|
|
SUPERIOR
|
TEMPORAL
|
|
|
SO
|
SIGNIFICANT
|
|
|
HY
|
PT
|
|
|
PRECENTRAL
|
GYRUS-PRIMARY
|
|
|
PREMOTOR
|
CORTEX-ASSISTS
|
|
|
PARIETAL
|
LOBE
|
|
|
POSTCENTRAL
|
GYRUS-PRIMARY
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
AND
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
PARIETAL
|
|
|
TEMPORAL
|
LOBE-PRIMARY
|
|
|
OCCIPITAL
|
CORTEX-SECONDARY
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
SURFACE
|
|
|
CORPUS
|
CALLOSUM-CONNECTS
|
|
|
AREAS
|
OF
|
|
|
FRONTAL
|
LOBE-MEDIAL
|
|
|
-MEDIAL
|
ASPECT
|
|
|
PARIETAL
|
LOBE-PRIMARY
|
|
|
OCCIPITAL
|
LOBE-PRIMARY
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
SURFACE
|
|
|
FRONTAL
|
LOBE-THE
|
|
|
OLFACTORY
|
BULB
|
|
|
TEMPORAL
|
LOBE-SUPERIOR
|
|
|
-LIMBIC
|
CORTEX,
|
|
|
OTHER
|
FOREBRAIN
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
AND
|
|
|
SEPTUM
|
PELLUCIDUM-MEMBRANOUS
|
|
|
FORNIX-FIBER
|
PATHWAY
|
|
|
THALAMUS-LARGE
|
GROUP
|
|
|
HYPOTHALMUS-ENDOCRINE,
|
AUTONOMIC,
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
COMMISURE-CONNECTS
|
|
|
BASAL
|
GANGLIA-REGULATE
|
|
|
-CAUDATE
|
NUCLEUS,
|
|
|
LIMBIC
|
STRUCTURES-MAINLY
|
|
|
-HIPPOCAMPAL
|
FORMATION
|
|
|
-CINGULATE
|
GYRUS
|
|
|
CEREBELLUM
|
AND
|
|
|
CEREBELLUM-ATTACHED
|
TO
|
|
|
-SUPERIOR
|
AND
|
|
|
-CEREBRAL
|
AQUEDUCT-TUBULAR
|
|
|
-TEGMENTUM-PART
|
OF
|
|
|
-PEDUNCULAR
|
REGION-INCLUDES
|
|
|
-TEGMENTUM-CORE
|
OF
|
|
|
-BASILAR
|
REGION-CONTAINS
|
|
|
-4TH
|
VENTRICLE-LIES
|
|
|
-OPEN
|
PART-ROSTRAL
|
|
|
-CLOSED
|
PART-CAUDAL
|
|
|
CN
|
NERVES
|
|
|
-FOREBRAIN-CN
|
1/2
|
|
|
-MIDBRAIN-CN
|
3/4
|
|
|
-PONS-
|
CN
|
|
|
-MEDULLA-
|
CN
|
|
|
BLOOD
|
SUPPLY
|
|
|
BRAINSTEM-INTERNAL
|
CAROTID
|
|
|
-ANTERIOR
|
SPINAL
|
|
|
-VERTEBRAL
|
ARTERY:
|
|
|
-POSTERIOR
|
INFERIOR
|
|
|
-ANTERIOR
|
INFERIOR
|
|
|
-SUPERIOR
|
CEREBELLAR
|
|
|
-BASILAR
|
ARTERY:
|
|
|
-CIRCLE
|
OF
|
|
|
-ANTERIOR
|
CEREBRAL
|
|
|
-MIDDLE
|
CEREBRAL
|
|
|
-POSTERIOR
|
CEREBRAL
|
|
|
-ACTIVATION
|
OF
|
|
|
-ACTIVATION
|
OF
|
|
|
INFORMATION
|
RECEIVED
|
|
|
COMPONENTS
|
OF
|
|
|
-PLASMA
|
MEMBRANE-FORMS
|
|
|
-CELL
|
BODY-MASS
|
|
|
SOMA-SITE
|
OF
|
|
|
DNA
|
CALLED
|
|
|
NUCLEOLUS
|
WITH
|
|
|
IN
|
FEMALES,
|
|
|
-CYTOPLASM
|
CONTAINS:
|
|
|
NISSL
|
SUBSTANCE-RNA
|
|
|
MITOCHONDRIA-ENERGY
|
GENERATION
|
|
|
GOLGI
|
APPARATUS-WHERE
|
|
|
LYSOSOMES-MEMBRANE
|
BOUND
|
|
|
CYTOSKELETON-MICROTUBULES,
|
NEUROFILAMENTS,
|
|
|
-DENDRITES-SHORT
|
PROCESSES
|
|
|
-AXON-ARISE
|
FROM
|
|
|
AXONAL
|
TRANSPORT
|
|
|
-FAST
|
ANTEROGRADE-PRECURSORS
|
|
|
-SLOW
|
ANTEROGRADE-NEUROFILAMENTS
|
|
|
-FAST
|
RETROGRADE-INVOLVED
|
|
|
ANTEROGRADE-RADIOACTIVELY
|
TAGGED
|
|
|
RETROGRADE-MICROINJECTION
|
OF
|
|
|
TYPES
|
OF
|
|
|
MULTIPOLAR,
|
BIPOLAR,
|
|
|
PRINCIPAL
|
OR
|
|
|
INTRINSIC
|
(TYPE
|
|
|
GLIAL-SUPPORTING
|
CELLS
|
|
|
COMPOSITION
|
OF
|
|
|
NEURONAL
|
INJURY:
|
|
|
WALLERIAN
|
DEGENERATION
|
|
|
RETROGRADE
|
DEGENERATION-WHEN
|
|
|
TRANSNEURONAL
|
DEGENERATION-IN
|
|
|
RECOVERY,
|
REGENERATION-IF
|
|
|
NEURONAL
|
MEMBRANE-PERMEABLE
|
|
|
CARRIER
|
PROTEINS-SPECIFIC
|
|
|
CHANNEL
|
PROTEINS-SPANS
|
|
|
SIMPLE
|
DIFFUSION-HOW
|
|
|
PASSIVE
|
TRANSPORT
|
|
|
ACTIVE
|
TRANSPORT-SOME
|
|
|
ION
|
CHANNELS-GATED
|
|
|
RESTING
|
POTENTIAL-DETERMINED
|
|
|
IONIC
|
BASIS
|
|
|
-NEURON
|
RECEIVES
|
|
|
-INFLUX
|
OF
|
|
|
-WHEN
|
THRESHOLD
|
|
|
-NEURON
|
IS
|
|
|
PROPAGATION
|
OF
|
|
|
LOCAL
|
DEPOLARIZATION
|
|
|
THE
|
PASSIVE
|
|
|
THE
|
AP
|
|
|
SYNAPTIC
|
TRANSMISSION
|
|
|
-CURRENT
|
GENERATED
|
|
|
-CURRENT
|
GENERATED
|
|
|
-ELECTRICAL
|
NOT
|
|
|
CHEMICAL
|
TRANSMISSION
|
|
|
-AT
|
CHEMICAL
|
|
|
-AN
|
AP
|
|
|
CHARACTERISTICS
|
OF
|
|
|
-MEMBRANE
|
SPANNING
|
|
|
CHARACTERISTICS
|
OF
|
|
|
-INDIRECTLY
|
GATED-ION
|
|
|
-DIRECTLY
|
GATED-4
|
|
|
DIRECTLY
|
GATED
|
|
|
-AXONS
|
OF
|
|
|
DIRECTLY
|
GATED
|
|
|
-EXCITATORY
|
POSTSYNAPTIC
|
|
|
-INHIBITORY
|
POSTSYNAPTIC
|
|
|
MYASTHENIA
|
GRAVIS-ANTIBODY
|
|
|
LAMBERT
|
EATON
|
|
|
DISTRIBUTION-BASAL
|
FOREBRAIN
|
|
|
-REGULATION
|
OF
|
|
|
-ALZHEIMERS,
|
MAJOR
|
|
|
-TRASNMITTER
|
IN
|
|
|
-ALTERATIONS
|
IN
|
|
|
-PROLONGED
|
STIMULATION
|
|
|
-IN
|
BRAIN
|
|
|
-ALTERATION
|
OF
|
|
|
-BARBITUATES
|
ACT
|
|
|
-NT
|
IN
|
|
|
-GENE
|
MUTATION
|
|
|
SUBSTANIA
|
NIGRA-THE
|
|
|
VENTRAL
|
TEGMENTUM
|
|
|
1)
|
MESOLIMBIC
|
|
|
2)
|
MESOCORTICAL
|
|
|
ARCUATE
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
PARKINSONS-RESTING
|
TREMOR,
|
|
|
PSYCHOTIC
|
DISORDERS-SCHIZOPHRENIA,
|
|
|
DISTRIBUTION-LOCUS
|
COERULEUS,
|
|
|
NE
|
RELEASED
|
|
|
ROLE
|
IN
|
|
|
C1
|
NEURONS
|
|
|
C2
|
NEURONS
|
|
|
NOT
|
CLEAR
|
|
|
SEROTONIN
|
CONTAINING
|
|
|
ROSTRAL
|
SEROTONIN
|
|
|
5-HT
|
NEURONS
|
|
|
SEROTONIN
|
CONTAINING
|
|
|
ROLE
|
IN
|
|
|
SEROTONIN
|
SYNTHESIZED
|
|
|
ECSTASY
|
RELEASES
|
|
|
HIGHEST
|
DENSITY
|
|
|
PROJECT
|
TO
|
|
|
NT
|
IN
|
|
|
OPIOD
|
PEPTIDES
|
|
|
IMPLICATED
|
IN
|
|
|
SUBSTANCE
|
P
|
|
|
SUBSTANIA
|
NIGRA,
|
|
|
NT
|
IN
|
|
|
SUBSTANCE
|
P
|
|
|
GASEOUS
|
NT
|
|
|
NOT
|
KNOWN
|
|
|
RELAXATION
|
OF
|
|
|
NICOTINIC
|
ACH-NMJ
|
|
|
N-METHYL-D-ASPARTIC
|
ACID
|
|
|
-VOLTAGE
|
DEPENDENT
|
|
|
SKIPPED
|
REST
|
|
|
HY
|
PT
|
|
|
SULCUS
|
LIMITANS-SEPARATES
|
|
|
NON
|
MYELINATED-
|
|
|
DISRUPTION
|
IN
|
|
|
NT
|
BINDING
|
|
|
NT
|
IS
|
|
|
NT
|
SYNTHESIS-RELEASE
|
|
|
MAJOR
|
EXCITATORY-SUBSTANCE
|
|
|
MAJOR
|
INHIBITORY-GABA,
|
|
|
MYASTHENIA
|
GRAVIS-ANTIBODIES
|
|
|
SPINAL
|
CORD
|
|
|
MAJOR
|
ASCENDING
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
COLUMNS-CONSCIOUS
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
SPINOTHALMIC
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
SPINOTHALMIC
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
SPINOCEREBELLAR
|
|
|
CUNEOCEREBELLAR
|
TRACT-MEDIATES
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
SPINOCEREBELLAR
|
|
|
MAJOR
|
DESCENDING
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
CORTICOSPINAL
|
|
|
RUBROSPINAL-DESCENDING
|
EXCITATION
|
|
|
RETICULOSPINAL-LATERAL
|
TRACT
|
|
|
VESTIBULOSPINAL-
|
LATERAL
|
|
|
BROWN
|
SEQUARD-HEMISECTION
|
|
|
CONTRALATERAL
|
LOSS
|
|
|
IPSILATERAL
|
CONSCIOUS
|
|
|
IPSILATERAL
|
UMN
|
|
|
TABES
|
DORSALIS-DAMAGE
|
|
|
ALS-DESTROY
|
CORTICOSPINAL
|
|
|
SYRINGOMYELIA-ABNORMAL
|
CLOSURE
|
|
|
COMBINED
|
SYMPTOMS-PERNICOUS
|
|
|
SYMPATHETIC-INTERMEDIOLATERAL
|
CELL
|
|
|
PARASYMPATHETIC-S2-S4
|
AND
|
|
|
ENTERIC
|
NERVOUS
|
|
|
AUTONOMIC
|
INNERVATION
|
|
|
IRIS
|
AND
|
|
|
THE
|
PREGANGLIONIC
|
|
|
UPPER
|
EYELID-TARSAL,
|
|
|
SYMPTOMS
|
CHRACTERISTIC
|
|
|
SALIVARY
|
GLANDS
|
|
|
SUBLINGUAL
|
AND
|
|
|
PARASYMP
|
RESULTS
|
|
|
PAROTID-PARASYMP
|
FROM
|
|
|
LACRIMAL
|
GLANDS-PARASYMP
|
|
|
HEART-PARASYMP
|
FROM
|
|
|
BLOOD
|
VESSELS-NO
|
|
|
LUNGS-PREGANGLIONIC
|
PARASYMP
|
|
|
KIDNEY-PREGANGLIONIC
|
PARASYMP
|
|
|
ADRENAL
|
MEDULLA-FUNCTIONALLY
|
|
|
OTHER
|
AUTONOMIC
|
|
|
CV
|
REGULATION
|
|
|
SOLITARY
|
NUCLEUS-BARORECEPTOR,
|
|
|
BARORECEPTOR
|
REFLEX-RESPOND
|
|
|
RESP
|
REGULATORY
|
|
|
VENTRAL
|
RESPIRATORY
|
|
|
PHRENIC
|
MOTOR
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
RESPIRTORY
|
|
|
GI
|
TRACT
|
|
|
STOMACH,
|
SMALL
|
|
|
DESCENDING
|
COLON
|
|
|
BLADDER-PRE
|
PARASYMP
|
|
|
SPHINCTER
|
VESICAE-SYMP
|
|
|
SOMATIC
|
INNERVATION-EXTERNAL
|
|
|
MICTURITION-
|
URINATION
|
|
|
MALE
|
REPRODUCTIVE-PRE
|
|
|
REMALE
|
REPRODUCTIVE-CLIT
|
|
|
NTS
|
IN
|
|
|
CHOLINERGIC
|
RECEPTORS
|
|
|
-MUSCARINIC
|
RECEPTORS-IN
|
|
|
-NICOTINIC-ADRENAL
|
MEDULLA
|
|
|
ADRENERGIC-ALPHA
|
AND
|
|
|
ANS
|
LESIONS
|
|
|
HORNERS-LESIONS
|
IN
|
|
|
ARGYLL
|
ROBERTSON
|
|
|
HIRSCHSPRUNGS-ABSCENCE
|
OF
|
|
|
FREYS-PARASYMP
|
ELICITING
|
|
|
BRAINSTEM
|
AND
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
MEDULLARY
|
|
|
-SYMPTOMS-LOSS
|
OF
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
MEDULLARY
|
|
|
-SYMPTOM-CONTRALATERAL
|
LOSS
|
|
|
OPTIC
|
LESIONS
|
|
|
OPTIC
|
NERVE-TOTAL
|
|
|
OPTIC
|
CHIASM-BITEMPORAL
|
|
|
UNILATERAL
|
OPTIC
|
|
|
VISUAL
|
RADIATIONS
|
|
|
VISUAL
|
RADIATIONS
|
|
|
VISUAL
|
CORTEX-CONTRALATERAL
|
|
|
AUDITORY
|
PATHWAY
|
|
|
1ST
|
ORDER-ROOT
|
|
|
2ND
|
ORDER-PROJECT
|
|
|
3RD
|
ORDER-PROJECT
|
|
|
4TH
|
ORDER-PROJECT
|
|
|
VESTIBULAR
|
PATHWAY
|
|
|
1ST
|
ORDER-ORIGINATE
|
|
|
2ND
|
ORDER-MAY
|
|
|
DAMAGE
|
ESPECIALLY
|
|
|
TASTE
|
PATHWAY-FIRST
|
|
|
MOTOR
|
SYSTEMS
|
|
|
MODULATION
|
BY
|
|
|
INVOLUNTARY
|
MOTOR
|
|
|
DISTURBANCE
|
AT
|
|
|
BASAL
|
GANGLIA:
|
|
|
BG
|
DISORDERS:
|
|
|
PARKINSONS-PILL
|
ROLLING
|
|
|
CHOREA-CHARACTERIZED
|
BY
|
|
|
-HUNTINGTONS
|
CHOREA-GENETIC
|
|
|
ATHETOSIS-CHARACTERIZED
|
BY
|
|
|
HEMIBALLISM-WILD
|
FLAILING
|
|
|
CEREBELLUM
|
DISORDERS:
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
LOBE
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
LOBE
|
|
|
FLOCCULONODULAR
|
LOBE
|
|
|
HIGHER
|
AUTONOMIC
|
|
|
RAGE
|
AND
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
HYPOTHALMUS-MIDBRAIN
|
|
|
PROCESSES
|
ARE
|
|
|
ENDOCRINE
|
REGULATION:
|
|
|
SUPRAOPTIC
|
AND
|
|
|
AND
|
MEDIAL
|
|
|
LIMBIC
|
PROJECTIONS
|
|
|
DAMAGE
|
TO
|
|
|
DAMAGE
|
TO
|
|
|
CEREBRAL
|
CORTEX
|
|
|
UMN
|
PARALYSIS-DAMAGE
|
|
|
-LOSS
|
OF
|
|
|
BROCAS
|
APHASIA-DAMAGE
|
|
|
WERNICKES
|
APHASIA-DAMAGE
|
|
|
ASTEREOGNOSIA-DAMAGE
|
TO
|
|
|
UNILATERAL
|
SENSORY
|
|
|
APRAXIA-DAMAGE
|
TO
|
|
|
NEUROECTODERM-CNS
|
NEURONS,
|
|
|
NEURAL
|
CREST-SCHWANN,
|
|
|
MESODERM-MICROGLIA,
|
LIKE
|
|
|
ASTROCYTES-PHYSICAL
|
SUPPORT,
|
|
|
MICROGLIA-PHAGOCYTES,
|
HIV
|
|
|
OLIGODENDROCYTES-DESTROYED
|
IN
|
|
|
SCHWANN-DESTROYED
|
IN
|
|
|
SENSORY
|
CORPUSCLES
|
|
|
FREE
|
NERVE
|
|
|
MEISSNER-LARGE
|
MYLENATED,
|
|
|
PACINIAN-LARGE
|
MYLENATED,
|
|
|
MERKELS-LARGE
|
MYELINATED,
|
|
|
ENDONEURIOUM-INNER
|
LAYER,
|
|
|
CC-INCR
|
IN
|
|
|
SYNTHESIS-LOCUS
|
CERULEUS
|
|
|
CC-INCR
|
SCHIZO,
|
|
|
SYNTHESIS-VENTRAL
|
TEGMENTUM
|
|
|
CC-DECR
|
ANXIETY
|
|
|
SYNTHESIS-RAPHE
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
CC-DECR
|
ALZHEIMERS,
|
|
|
SYNTHESIS-BASAL
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
CC-DECR
|
IN
|
|
|
SYNTHESIS-NUCLEUS
|
ACCUMBENS
|
|
|
LOCUS
|
CERULEUS-STRESS/PANIC
|
|
|
NUCLEUS
|
ACCUMBENS
|
|
|
FORMED
|
BY-TIGHT
|
|
|
-INFECTION
|
DESTROYS
|
|
|
GLUCOSE
|
AND
|
|
|
NONPOLAR/LIPID
|
BY
|
|
|
A
|
FEW
|
|
|
HYPOTHALMUS,
|
WEARS
|
|
|
THIRST
|
AND
|
|
|
ADENOHYPOPHYSIS
|
CONTROL
|
|
|
NEUROHYPOPHYSIS
|
RELEASES
|
|
|
AUTONOMIC
|
CONTROL
|
|
|
TEMP
|
REGULATION
|
|
|
SEXUAL
|
URGES
|
|
|
INPUTS-OVLT,
|
OSM
|
|
|
SUPRAOPTIC
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
PARAVENTRICULAR
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
AREA-HUNGER,
|
|
|
VENTROMEDIAL
|
AREA-SATIETY,
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
HYPOTHALMUS-COOLING,
|
|
|
POSTERIOR-HEATING,
|
SYMP
|
|
|
SEPTAL
|
NUCLEUS-SEXUAL
|
|
|
SUPRACHIASMATIC
|
NUCLEUS-CIRCADIAN
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
PIT-RECEIVES
|
|
|
MAJOR
|
RELAY
|
|
|
LGN-VISUAL,
|
PROJECT
|
|
|
VENTRAL
|
POSTERIOR
|
|
|
VENTRAL
|
POSTERIOR
|
|
|
VENTRAL
|
ANTERIOR/LATERAL
|
|
|
BLOOD
|
SUPPLY-POSTERIOR
|
|
|
LIMBIC
|
SYSTEM-INCLUDES
|
|
|
CEREBELLUM-RECEIVES
|
CONTRALATERAL
|
|
|
INPUT
|
NERVES-CLIMBING
|
|
|
PROVIDES
|
STIM
|
|
|
DEEP
|
NUCLEI-LATERAL
|
|
|
LATERAL-VOLUNTARY
|
EXTREMITY
|
|
|
MEDIAL-BALANCE,
|
TRUNCAL
|
|
|
VOLUNTARY
|
MOVEMENT
|
|
|
RECEIVES
|
CORTICAL
|
|
|
EXCIT
|
INCR
|
|
|
SUBSTANIA
|
NIGRA
|
|
|
OR
|
|
|
|
D
|
TO
|
|
|
OR
|
|
|
|
CORTEX
|
D
|
|
|
SUBSTANIA
|
NIGRA
|
|
|
GLOBUS
|
PALLIDUS
|
|
|
GLOBUS
|
PALLIDUS
|
|
|
SUBTHALMIC
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
DOPAMINE1
|
RECEPTOR,
|
|
|
DOPAMINE2
|
RECEPTOR,
|
|
|
PARKINSON-LEWY
|
BODIES,
|
|
|
HEMIBALLISM-1
|
FLAILING
|
|
|
HUNTINGTONS
|
DISEASE-GENETIC,
|
|
|
CHOREA-SUDDEN
|
JERKY
|
|
|
ATHETOSIS-SLOW,
|
WRITHING
|
|
|
MYOCLONUS-SUDDEN,
|
BRIEF
|
|
|
DYSTONIA-SUSTAINED
|
INVOLUNTARY
|
|
|
ESSENTIAL/POSTURAL-ACTION
|
TREMOR,
|
|
|
RESTING
|
TREMOR-MOSTLY
|
|
|
INTENTION
|
TREMOR-SLOW
|
|
|
MIDLEG
|
DOWN
|
|
|
BRAIN
|
LESIONS
|
|
|
AMYGDALA
|
BILATERAL-KLUVER
|
|
|
FRONTAL
|
LOBE-DISINHIBITION
|
|
|
RIGHT
|
PARIETAL
|
|
|
RETICULAR
|
ACTIVATING
|
|
|
MAMMILLARY
|
BODIES
|
|
|
BG-TREMOR
|
AT
|
|
|
CEREBELLAR
|
HEMISPHERE-INTENTION
|
|
|
CEREBELLAR
|
VERMIS-LIMB
|
|
|
SUBTHALMIC
|
NUCLEUS-CONTRALATERAL
|
|
|
HIPPOCAMPUS-ANTEROGRADE
|
AMNESIA,
|
|
|
PARAMEDIAN
|
PONTINE
|
|
|
FRONTAL
|
EYE
|
|
|
CENTRAL
|
PONTINE
|
|
|
APHASIA,
|
HIGH
|
|
|
DYSARTHRIA,
|
MOTOR
|
|
|
BROCAS-NONFLUENT
|
APHASIA
|
|
|
WERNICKES-FLUENT
|
APHASIA
|
|
|
GLOBAL-NONFLUENT
|
AND
|
|
|
CONDUCTION-POOR
|
REPETITION
|
|
|
CORTICAL
|
ARTERIES
|
|
|
ACA-ANTEROMEDIAL
|
|
|
|
PCA-POSTERIOR
|
AND
|
|
|
REGION/ARTERY,
|
DEFICIT
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
SPINAL-MEDIAL
|
|
|
PICA-LATERAL
|
MEDULLARY
|
|
|
AICA-LATERAL
|
INFERIOR
|
|
|
PCA-CONTRALATERAL
|
HOMONYMOUS
|
|
|
MCA-CONTRA
|
FACE/ARM
|
|
|
ACA-LEG
|
FOOT
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
COMMUNICATING
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
COMMUNICATING-COMMON
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
STRIATE-DIVISIONS
|
|
|
WATERSHED
|
ZONE-BTWN
|
|
|
BASILAR
|
ARTERY-LOCKED
|
|
|
IN
|
GENERAL
|
|
|
IN
|
GENERAL
|
|
|
BERRY-AT
|
BIFURCATION
|
|
|
CHARCOT-BOUCHARD
|
MICROANEURYSM-ASSOC
|
|
|
INTRACRANIAL
|
HEMORRHAGE
|
|
|
EPIDURAL
|
HEMATOMA-RUPTURE
|
|
|
SUBDURAL
|
HEMATOMA-RUPTURE
|
|
|
SUBARACHNOID
|
HEMMORHAGE-RUPTURE
|
|
|
PARENCHYMAL
|
HEMATOMA-HTN,
|
|
|
DURAL
|
VENOUS
|
|
|
VENTRICULAR
|
SYSTEM
|
|
|
CSF
|
MADE
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
VENTRICLE-3RD
|
|
|
NORMAL
|
P-WET,
|
|
|
COMMUNICATING-DECR
|
CSF
|
|
|
OBSTRUCTIVE,
|
NONCOMMUNICATING
|
|
|
HYDROCEPHALUS
|
EX
|
|
|
SPINAL
|
CORD-ADULTS
|
|
|
CORTICOSPINAL
|
AND
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
COLUMN-LIKE
|
|
|
ASCENDING
|
TRACTS
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
COLUMN-MEDIAL
|
|
|
1ST
|
ORDER
|
|
|
SYNAPSE
|
1-NUCLEUS
|
|
|
2ND
|
ORDER-DECUSSATES
|
|
|
SYNAPSE
|
2-VPL
|
|
|
3RD
|
ORDER-SENSORY
|
|
|
SPINOTHALMIC
|
TRACT-ASCENDING
|
|
|
1ST
|
ORDER-SENSORY
|
|
|
SYNAPSE
|
1-IPSILATERAL
|
|
|
2ND
|
ORDER-DECUSSATES
|
|
|
SYNAPSE
|
2-VPL
|
|
|
3RD
|
ORDER-SENSORY
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
CORTICOSPINAL
|
|
|
1ST
|
ORDER-UMN:
|
|
|
SYNAPSE
|
1-CELL
|
|
|
2ND
|
ORDER-LMN:
|
|
|
SYNAPSE
|
2-NEUROMUSCULAR
|
|
|
LMN-EVERYTHING
|
LOWERED,
|
|
|
POSITIVE
|
SIGNS:
|
|
|
NEG
|
FOR:
|
|
|
UMN-EVERYTHING
|
UP,
|
|
|
POS
|
SIGN:
|
|
|
INCR:
|
REFLEX,
|
|
|
NEG
|
FOR:
|
|
|
UPGOING
|
BABINSKI
|
|
|
SPINAL
|
CORD
|
|
|
POLIO
|
AND
|
|
|
MS-MOSTLY
|
WHITE
|
|
|
ALS-COMBINED
|
UMN
|
|
|
COMPLETE
|
OCCULSION
|
|
|
TABES
|
DORSALIS-TERTIARY
|
|
|
SYRINGOMYELIA-DAMAGES
|
ANTERIOR
|
|
|
VIT
|
B12
|
|
|
SYMPTOMS-MALAISE,
|
HEADACHE,
|
|
|
FINDINGS-CSF
|
WITH
|
|
|
FRIEDREICHS-AUTO
|
RECESSIVE,
|
|
|
BROWN
|
SEQUARD:
|
|
|
IPSI
|
UMN
|
|
|
IPSI
|
TACTILE/VIBRATION/PROPRIOCEPTION
|
|
|
CONTRALATERAL
|
PAIN/TEMP
|
|
|
IPSI
|
ALL
|
|
|
LMN
|
AT
|
|
|
IF
|
AT
|
|
|
PTOSIS,
|
EYELID
|
|
|
IPSI
|
ANHIDROSIS,
|
|
|
LESION
|
ABOVE
|
|
|
PAM
|
IS
|
|
|
THE
|
3NEURON
|
|
|
LANDMARK
|
DERMATOMES:
|
|
|
MUSCLE
|
SPINDLES
|
|
|
CLINICAL
|
REFLEXES:
|
|
|
NERVE
|
ROOTS:
|
|
|
C5
|
BICEPS
|
|
|
C7
|
TRICEPS
|
|
|
L4
|
PATELLA
|
|
|
S1
|
ACHILLES
|
|
|
BABINKSKI-DORSIFLEXION
|
OF
|
|
|
REFLEXES
|
COUNT
|
|
|
PRIMITIVE
|
REFLEXES
|
|
|
MORO
|
REFLEX-HANG
|
|
|
ROOTING
|
REFLEX-HEAD
|
|
|
SUCKING
|
REFLEX-ROOF
|
|
|
PALMAR/PLANTAR-CURLING
|
OF
|
|
|
BABINSKI-DORSIFLEXION
|
OF
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
CNS
|
|
|
PINEAL
|
GLAND-MELATONIN
|
|
|
SUPERIOR
|
COLLICULI-CONJUGATE
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
COLLICULI-AUDITORY
|
|
|
PARINAUD
|
SYNDROM-PARALYSIS
|
|
|
EYES
|
ABOVE
|
|
|
1
|
SMELL,
|
|
|
2
|
SIGHT
|
|
|
3
|
SR,
|
|
|
4
|
SO
|
|
|
5
|
MASTICATION,
|
|
|
6
|
LR
|
|
|
7
|
FACIAL
|
|
|
8
|
HEARING
|
|
|
9
|
TASTE
|
|
|
10
|
TASTE
|
|
|
11
|
HEADTURNING,
|
|
|
12
|
TONGUE
|
|
|
SOME
|
SAY
|
|
|
CN
|
NUCLEI
|
|
|
IN
|
TEGMENTUM,
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
NUCLEI,
|
|
|
THEN
|
SULCUS
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
NUCLEI,
|
|
|
CN
|
REFLEXES
|
|
|
v1,
|
nasociliary
|
|
|
7,
|
TEMPORAL
|
|
|
V1,
|
LOSS
|
|
|
JAW
|
JERK
|
|
|
V3,
|
MASSTER
|
|
|
V3,
|
MASSETER
|
|
|
VAGAL
|
NUCLEI
|
|
|
NUCLEUS
|
SOLITARIUS-VISCERAL
|
|
|
NUCLEUS
|
AMBIGIOUS-MOTOR,
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
MOTOR-PARASYMP
|
|
|
CN
|
PATHWAY
|
|
|
CRIBIFORM-CN
|
1
|
|
|
MIDDLE
|
CRANIAL
|
|
|
1
|
CN2,
|
|
|
2
|
SOF,
|
|
|
3
|
FORAMEN
|
|
|
4
|
FORAMEN
|
|
|
5
|
FORAMEN
|
|
|
CN
|
V
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
CRANIAL
|
|
|
CN
|
7-12
|
|
|
1
|
INTERNAL
|
|
|
2
|
JUGULAR
|
|
|
3
|
HYPOGLOSSAL
|
|
|
4
|
FORAMEN
|
|
|
CAVERNOUS
|
SINUS
|
|
|
VENOUS
|
SINUSES
|
|
|
BLOOD
|
FROM
|
|
|
CN
|
3,4,V1,V2,6
|
|
|
CAVERNOUS
|
PORTION
|
|
|
CAVERNOUS
|
SINUS
|
|
|
CN
|
LESIONS
|
|
|
12-LMN,
|
TONGUE
|
|
|
5
|
MOTOR-JAW
|
|
|
10-UVULA
|
DEVIATES
|
|
|
11-WEAKNESS
|
TURNING
|
|
|
FACIAL
|
LESION
|
|
|
UMN
|
|
|
|
LESION
|
OF
|
|
|
CONTRALATERAL
|
PARALYSIS
|
|
|
LMN,
|
BELLS
|
|
|
IPSI
|
OF
|
|
|
COMPLETE
|
DESTRUCTION
|
|
|
IPSI
|
LOSS
|
|
|
CAN
|
OCCUR
|
|
|
SEEN
|
AS
|
|
|
MASTICATION
|
MUSCLES
|
|
|
3
|
CLOSE-MASSETER,
|
|
|
1
|
OPENS
|
|
|
ALL
|
V3
|
|
|
ALL
|
GLOSSUS
|
|
|
ALL
|
PALAT
|
|
|
INNER
|
EAR
|
|
|
PERILYMPH
|
NA
|
|
|
ENDOLYMPH
|
K
|
|
|
HAIR
|
CELLS
|
|
|
UTRICLE
|
HORIZONTAL,
|
|
|
SEMICIRCULAR
|
CANALS
|
|
|
SOUND
|
ENTERS
|
|
|
VIBRATION
|
OF
|
|
|
BC>AC
|
CONDUCTION
|
|
|
AC>BC
|
IS
|
|
|
RETINAL
|
ARTERY
|
|
|
PAPILLEDEMA-INCR
|
IN
|
|
|
SO
|
ABDUCTS,
|
|
|
CN
|
4
|
|
|
CN
|
6
|
|
|
DILATION,
|
MYDRIASIS,
|
|
|
CONSTRICTION,
|
MIOSIS-CN
|
|
|
PUPIL
|
REFLEX,
|
|
|
MARCUS
|
GUNN
|
|
|
RETINAL
|
DETACHMENT
|
|
|
AGE
|
REALTED
|
|
|
VISION
|
LESIONS
|
|
|
RIGHT
|
ANOPIA,
|
|
|
BITEMPORAL
|
HEMIANOPIA,
|
|
|
LEFT
|
UPPER
|
|
|
LEFT
|
LOWER
|
|
|
LEFT
|
HEMIANOPIA
|
|
|
MEYERS
|
LOOP-INFERIOR
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
OPTIC
|
|
|
INTERNUUCLEAR
|
OPTHALMOPLEGIA,
|
|
|
LESION
|
IN
|
|
|
VESTIBULAR
|
APPARATUS-NYSTAGMUS
|
|
|
-COLD
|
WATER:NYSTAGMUS
|
|
|
-WARM
|
WATER:
|
|
|
ALZHEIMERS-WIDESPREAD
|
CORTICAL
|
|
|
PICKS
|
DISEASE-FRONTOTEMPORAL
|
|
|
LEWY
|
BODY
|
|
|
CREUTZFELDT
|
JAKOB-RAPIDLY
|
|
|
OTHER-MULTI
|
INFARCT,
|
|
|
AUTOIMMUNE
|
IN
|
|
|
OPTIC
|
NEURITIS,
|
|
|
MLF
|
SYNDROME
|
|
|
HEMIPARESIS,
|
HEMISENSORY
|
|
|
MOST
|
OFTEN
|
|
|
SIN:
|
SCANNING
|
|
|
FIDNINGS:
|
INCR
|
|
|
GUILLAN
|
BARRE
|
|
|
INFLAMMATION
|
AND
|
|
|
AUTONOMIC
|
DYSFUNCTION,
|
|
|
FINDINGS:
|
INCR
|
|
|
ASSOC
|
WITH
|
|
|
SKIPPED
|
SEIZURES
|
|
|
PERIPHERAL-MORE
|
COMMON,
|
|
|
CENTRAL-BRAIN
|
STEM
|
|
|
NF
|
TYPE
|
|
|
SCHWANNOMA-OFTEN
|
LOCALIZED
|
|
|
PITUITARY
|
ADENOMA-MOST
|
|
|
SKIPPED
|
HERNIATIONS
|
|
|
SKIPPED
|
DRUGS
|
|
|
HY
|
GROSS
|
|
|
HERNIATED
|
DISC
|
|
|
C4/5-C5
|
NERVE,
|
|
|
C6-DERMATOME
|
OF
|
|
|
C7-DERMATOME-POSTRIOR
|
SURFACE
|
|
|
MUSCLE-TRICEPS,
|
WRIST
|
|
|
ACTION-EXTENSION
|
OF
|
|
|
NERVE-RADIAL,
|
TRICEPS
|
|
|
DERMATOME-MEDIAL
|
|
|
|
ACTION
|
EXTENSION
|
|
|
NERVE-FEMORAL,
|
KNEE
|
|
|
DERMATOME-LATERAL
|
SURFACE
|
|
|
MUSCLE-TIBIALIS
|
ANTERIOR,
|
|
|
ACTION-DORSIFLEXION
|
OF
|
|
|
NERVE-COMMON
|
PERONEAL,
|
|
|
DERMATOME-POSTERIOR
|
SURFACE
|
|
|
MUSCLE-GASTROCNEMIUS
|
SOLEUS
|
|
|
ACTION-PLANTAR
|
FLEXION
|
|
|
NERVE-TIBIAL,
|
ANKLE
|
|
|
CONUS
|
MEDULLARIS-END
|
|
|
CAUDA
|
EQUINA-DORSAL
|
|
|
FILUM
|
TERMINALE-EXTENSION
|
|
|
MENINGEAS
|
AND
|
|
|
OUT
|
TO
|
|
|
VERTEBRA-EPIDURAL
|
SPACE
|
|
|
SC
|
BLOOD
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
SPINAL
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
SPINAL
|
|
|
RADICULAR
|
ARTERIES-FROM
|
|
|
GREAT
|
RADICULAR
|
|
|
-LIGATION
|
DURING
|
|
|
SPINAL
|
NERVES
|
|
|
-WHITE
|
COMMUNICATING
|
|
|
-GRAY
|
COMMUNICATING,
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
COLUMN-MEDIAL
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
SPINOTHALMIC-PAIN,
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
CORTICOSPINAL-VOLUNTARY
|
|
|
DORSAL
|
AND
|
|
|
HYPOTHALMOSPINAL-INFLUENCES
|
PREGANGLIONIC
|
|
|
SPINAL
|
CORD
|
|
|
PARAPLEGIA,
|
LOWER
|
|
|
QUADRIPLEGIA,
|
ALL
|
|
|
OTHER
|
COMPLICATIONS:
|
|
|
INTRADURAL
|
TUMORS,
|
|
|
MENINGIOMA
|
USUALLY
|
|
|
SCWANNOMAS
|
ASSOC
|
|
|
HEART
|
ANS
|
|
|
PARASYMP
|
DECR,
|
|
|
SYMP
|
INCR,
|
|
|
BRACHIAL
|
PLEXUS
|
|
|
VENTRAL
|
PRIMARY
|
|
|
UPPER,
|
MIDDLE
|
|
|
3
|
ANTERIOR
|
|
|
5
|
MAJOR
|
|
|
MUSCULOTANEOUS,
|
C5-7
|
|
|
AXILLARY,
|
C5-6
|
|
|
RADIAL,
|
C5-T1
|
|
|
MEDIAN,
|
C5-T1
|
|
|
ULNAR,
|
C8-T1
|
|
|
ERB
|
DUCHENNE,
|
|
|
DAMAGES
|
NERVES
|
|
|
MUSCULOTANEOUS
|
WHICH
|
|
|
SUPRASCAPULAR,
|
INFRASPINATUS
|
|
|
AXILLARY,
|
TERES
|
|
|
PHRENIC,
|
DIAPHRAGGM
|
|
|
PRONATED
|
AND
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
ROTATION
|
|
|
IPSI
|
PARALYSIS
|
|
|
KLUMPKE,
|
LOWER
|
|
|
DAMAGES
|
MEDIAN
|
|
|
SYMP
|
COMPONENT
|
|
|
LOSS
|
OF
|
|
|
NERVE
|
LESIONS
|
|
|
LONG
|
THORACIC,
|
|
|
AXILLARY,
|
FRACTURE
|
|
|
RADIAL,
|
MIDSHAFT
|
|
|
MEDIAN
|
NERVE
|
|
|
ALSO
|
PARALYSIS
|
|
|
SENSORY
|
LOSS,
|
|
|
THENAR
|
EMINENCE
|
|
|
TEST
|
BY
|
|
|
MEDIAN
|
NERVE
|
|
|
FLEXOR
|
COMPARTMENT
|
|
|
LUMBRICALS
|
1
|
|
|
ABDUCTION
|
AND
|
|
|
SENSORY
|
LOSS
|
|
|
THENAR
|
EMINENCE
|
|
|
ULNAR
|
NERVE
|
|
|
HAND
|
DEVIATES
|
|
|
FLEXION
|
OF
|
|
|
ABDUCTION
|
AND
|
|
|
ADDUCTION
|
OF
|
|
|
SENSORY
|
LOSS
|
|
|
MILD
|
CLAW
|
|
|
TEST
|
BY
|
|
|
ULNAR
|
NERVE
|
|
|
DIFFERENCE:
|
SEVERE
|
|
|
FLEXION
|
OF
|
|
|
ABDUCTION
|
AND
|
|
|
ADDUCTION
|
OF
|
|
|
SENSORY
|
LOSS
|
|
|
SEVERE
|
CLAW
|
|
|
TEST
|
BY
|
|
|
ROTATOR
|
CUFF
|
|
|
TENDINITIS,
|
SUPRASPINOUS
|
|
|
ACUTE
|
TEAR,
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
OR
|
|
|
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR
|
JOINT,
|
|
|
FRACTURE
|
OF
|
|
|
ULNAR
|
COLLATERAL
|
|
|
RADIAL
|
COLLATERAL
|
|
|
RADIOULNAR
|
REINFORCED
|
|
|
SEVERE
|
DISTAL
|
|
|
LATERAL
|
EPICONDYLITIS,
|
|
|
MEDIAL
|
EPICONDYLITIS,
|
|
|
SUPRACONDYLAR
|
FRACTURE
|
|
|
RADIOCARPAL
|
JOINT
|
|
|
CARPAL
|
TUNNEL
|
|
|
SUICIDE
|
SLASH
|
|
|
SCAPHOID
|
MOST
|
|
|
COLLES
|
FRACTURE,
|
|
|
BOXER
|
FRACTURE,
|
|
|
VOLKMANN
|
ISCHEMIC,
|
|
|
LOWER
|
LIMB
|
|
|
MAYBE
|
DO
|
|
|
LUMBOSACRAL
|
PLEXUS
|
|
|
L1-5
|
AND
|
|
|
FEMORAL,
|
L2-4
|
|
|
OBDURATOR,
|
L2-4
|
|
|
SUPERIOR
|
GLUTEAL
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
GLUTEAL,
|
|
|
COMMON
|
PERONEAL,
|
|
|
TIBIAL,
|
L4-S3,
|
|
|
FEMORAL,
|
TRAUMA
|
|
|
FLEXION
|
OF
|
|
|
QUADRICEPS
|
PARALYSIS
|
|
|
SENSORY
|
LOSS
|
|
|
OBDURATOR,
|
ANTERIOR
|
|
|
SUPERIOR
|
GLUTEAL,
|
|
|
FEMORAL
|
NECK
|
|
|
POSTERIOR
|
DISLOCATION
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
HIP
|
|
|
KNEE
|
CC
|
|
|
VIOLENT
|
LATERAL
|
|
|
ANTERIOR
|
CRUCIATE
|
|
|
ANKLE
|
CC
|
|
|
INVERSION
|
INJURY,
|
|
|
EVERSION,
|
MEDIAL
|
|
|
SKI
|
BOOT,
|
|
|
JUMPING
|
FROM
|
|
|
MAYBE
|
GO
|
|
|
INFERIOR
|
GLUTEAL,
|
|
|
COMMON
|
PERONEAL,
|
|
|
TIBIAL
|
AT
|
