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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the stages of food processing? |
Ingestion Digestion Absorption Edgestion |
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Define ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and Egestion |
Ingestion is when you take in food Digestion is breaking down food mechanically or chemically Egestion is excretion |
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How is movement into and out of the stomach regulated? |
The sphincter muscles |
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What substances make up gastric fluid? |
Hydrochloric acid,pepsinogens and mucus |
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What is the function of the mucus layer |
It protects the pericardium of the stomach |
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Differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion. Give examples of each. |
Mechanical is the physical breakdown of foods. Example - when we use our teeth to chew solid foods in the mouth Chemical is when food is changed chemically/chemical bonds are broken. Example - When salivary glands secrete salivary amylase |
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Differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion. Give examples of each. |
Mechanical is the physical breakdown of foods. Example - when we use our teeth to chew solid foods in the mouth Chemical is when food is changed chemically/chemical bonds are broken. Example - When salivary glands secrete salivary amylase |
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How are carbohydrates broken down? |
Salivary Amylase and saliva will break the bread down into a smaller polysaccharide in the mouth. Amylase will continue breaking the starch down into disaccharides in the small intestine. Maltase,sucrase and lactase will finish by breaking them down to monosaccharides in the small intestine. |
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Differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion. Give examples of each. |
Mechanical is the physical breakdown of foods. Example - when we use our teeth to chew solid foods in the mouth Chemical is when food is changed chemically/chemical bonds are broken. Example - When salivary glands secrete salivary amylase |
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How are carbohydrates broken down? |
Salivary Amylase and saliva will break the bread down into a smaller polysaccharide in the mouth. Amylase will continue breaking the starch down into disaccharides in the small intestine. Maltase,sucrase and lactase will finish by breaking them down to monosaccharides in the small intestine. |
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How are proteins broken down? |
The mouth well mechanically break down the food. When swallowed to the stomach, pepsin will break down the protein into large peptides. Trypsin will continue this process in the small intestine breaking them into dipeptides peptidase will finish by breaking dipeptides into amino acids in the small intestine |
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Differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion. Give examples of each. |
Mechanical is the physical breakdown of foods. Example - when we use our teeth to chew solid foods in the mouth Chemical is when food is changed chemically/chemical bonds are broken. Example - When salivary glands secrete salivary amylase |
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How are carbohydrates broken down? |
Salivary Amylase and saliva will break the bread down into a smaller polysaccharide in the mouth. Amylase will continue breaking the starch down into disaccharides in the small intestine. Maltase,sucrase and lactase will finish by breaking them down to monosaccharides in the small intestine. |
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How are proteins broken down? |
The mouth well mechanically break down the food. When swallowed to the stomach, pepsin will break down the protein into large peptides. Trypsin will continue this process in the small intestine breaking them into dipeptides peptidase will finish by breaking dipeptides into amino acids in the small intestine |
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How are lipids broken down? |
The pancreas produces enzymes which break down lipids into fatty acid + glycerol, such as lipase. Sodium bicarbonate is released so lipase can be effective. The liver produces bile which emulsifies fat in the small intestine. |
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What is the function of the liver? |
The liver produces bile. It stores glycogen and vitamins and detoxifies many harmful substances |
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What is the function of the colon(large intestine)? |
It stores waste long enough for it to re-absorb water |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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What are alimentary canals? |
Passage in Which food passes through the body from the mouth to the anus |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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What are alimentary canals? |
Passage in Which food passes through the body from the mouth to the anus |
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How does cellulose help with digestion? |
When waste builds up in the large intestine, receptors go off sending a message to the nervous system to prompt bowl movement |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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What are alimentary canals? |
Passage in Which food passes through the body from the mouth to the anus |
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How does cellulose help with digestion? |
When waste builds up in the large intestine, receptors go off sending a message to the nervous system to prompt bowl movement |
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What is a bolus? |
The Roundball of food in your mouth that is formed by chewing |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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What are alimentary canals? |
Passage in Which food passes through the body from the mouth to the anus |
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How does cellulose help with digestion? |
When waste builds up in the large intestine, receptors go off sending a message to the nervous system to prompt bowl movement |
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What is a bolus? |
The Roundball of food in your mouth that is formed by chewing |
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What does the pyloric sphincter do? |
It controls the movement between the stomach and the small intestine |
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What is peristalsis? |
The wave of muscle contraction that moves food along the esophagus |
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What are the 3 sections of the small intestine? |
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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What are alimentary canals? |
Passage in Which food passes through the body from the mouth to the anus |
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How does cellulose help with digestion? |
When waste builds up in the large intestine, receptors go off sending a message to the nervous system to prompt bowl movement |
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What is a bolus? |
The Roundball of food in your mouth that is formed by chewing |
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What does the pyloric sphincter do? |
It controls the movement between the stomach and the small intestine |
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What is sodium bicarbonate? |
It is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells white blood cell platelets and plasma |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells white blood cell platelets and plasma |
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What does a red blood cell do |
They transport oxygen from the lungs to all the living tissues of the body and Carrry away carbon dioxide No nuclei when mature |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells white blood cell platelets and plasma |
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What does a red blood cell do |
They transport oxygen from the lungs to all the living tissues of the body and Carrry away carbon dioxide No nuclei when mature |
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What does a white blood cell do |
It's main purpose is for the immune system and it functions in getting rid of invaders , old unneeded blood cells as well as foreign matter |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells white blood cell platelets and plasma |
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What does a red blood cell do |
They transport oxygen from the lungs to all the living tissues of the body and Carrry away carbon dioxide No nuclei when mature |
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What does a white blood cell do |
It's main purpose is for the immune system and it functions in getting rid of invaders , old unneeded blood cells as well as foreign matter |
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What do platelets do |
They are cell fragments that clot blood at the site of wounds |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells white blood cell platelets and plasma |
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What does a red blood cell do |
They transport oxygen from the lungs to all the living tissues of the body and Carrry away carbon dioxide No nuclei when mature |
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What does a white blood cell do |
It's main purpose is for the immune system and it functions in getting rid of invaders , old unneeded blood cells as well as foreign matter |
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What do platelets do |
They are cell fragments that clot blood at the site of wounds |
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What does plasma do |
Its clear liquid protein and salt solution which carries the red and white cells and the platelets About 95% of plasma consists of water |
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What are the four components of blood? |
Red blood cells white blood cell platelets and plasma |
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What does a red blood cell do |
They transport oxygen from the lungs to all the living tissues of the body and Carrry away carbon dioxide No nuclei when mature |
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What does a white blood cell do |
It's main purpose is for the immune system and it functions in getting rid of invaders , old unneeded blood cells as well as foreign matter |
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What do platelets do |
They are cell fragments that clot blood at the site of wounds |
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What does plasma do |
Its clear liquid protein and salt solution which carries the red and white cells and the platelets About 95% of plasma consists of water |
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What are the four blood types |
A B AB O |
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What is the universal donor |
Blood type O |
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What is the universal donor |
Blood type O |
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What is the universal recipient |
Type AB |
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What is an antigen? |
A substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies |
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What is an antigen? |
A substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies |
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What is an antibody? |
A proteins produced in response to antigens. Anti-bodies attach the antigens and cause blood to agglutinate |
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What are the three blood vessels |
Arteries veins and capillaries |
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What are the three blood vessels |
Arteries veins and capillaries |
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What do arteries do? |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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What do veins do |
Return blood to the heart |
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What are the three blood vessels |
Arteries veins and capillaries |
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What do arteries do? |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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What do veins do |
Return blood to the heart |
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What do capillaries do |
They are tiny blood vessels that allow for gas exchange and diffusion |
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What are the three blood vessels |
Arteries veins and capillaries |
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What do arteries do? |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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What do veins do |
Return blood to the heart |
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What do capillaries do |
They are tiny blood vessels that allow for gas exchange and diffusion |
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What are the 4 chambers of the heart |
2 atria, 2 ventricles 2 chambers on each side of septum Upper chamber (atrium) receives blood Lower chamber (ventricle) pumps Blood out of the heart |
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What is the septum |
It separates the right and left of the heart and prevents oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood from mixing |
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What are the three blood vessels |
Arteries veins and capillaries |
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What do arteries do? |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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What do veins do |
Return blood to the heart |
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What do capillaries do |
They are tiny blood vessels that allow for gas exchange and diffusion |
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What are the 4 chambers of the heart |
2 atria, 2 ventricles 2 chambers on each side of septum Upper chamber (atrium) receives blood Lower chamber (ventricle) pumps Blood out of the heart |
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What is the septum |
It separates the right and left of the heart and prevents oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood from mixing |
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Trace blood through the heart |
Oxygen poor blood enters through the superior or inferior vena cava into the right atrium The blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle Next it flows through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries, to either the left or right lung to become oxygenated. Oxygen rich blood comes back through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium The oxygenated blood then flows through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle Next it flows through the aortic valve and out to the rest of the body through the aorta. |
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What are setae? |
Setae are hair like bristles that aid in movement |
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What are setae? |
Setae are hair like bristles that aid in movement |
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What does the gizzard do? |
It uses stones that the earthworm eats to grind food up completely |
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What are setae? |
Setae are hair like bristles that aid in movement |
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What does the gizzard do? |
It uses stones that the earthworm eats to grind food up completely |
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What does the crop do |
It stores food until it is passed on into the gizzard |
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What are setae? |
Setae are hair like bristles that aid in movement |
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What does the gizzard do? |
It uses stones that the earthworm eats to grind food up completely |
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What does the crop do |
It stores food until it is passed on into the gizzard |
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What does the intestine do in earth worms |
The intestinal wall contains blood vessels where the digested food is absorbed and transported to the rest of the body |
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Describe the circulatory system in a worm |
Earthworm circulates blood only through vessels. The three main vessels are the aortic arches, the dorsal blood vessels and ventral blood vessels. aortic arches pump blood into the dorsal and ventral blood vessels
the dorsal blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the front of the earthworms body ventral blood vessels are responsible for carrying blood to the back of the body |
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What is the rhesus factor |
Some people will have an extra marker in the red blood cells if it is present the blood type is positive |
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What is the rhesus factor |
Some people will have an extra marker in the red blood cells if it is present the blood type is positive |
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What is the function of the esophagus |
The food tube from the mouth to the stomach |
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What is the rhesus factor |
Some people will have an extra marker in the red blood cells if it is present the blood type is positive |
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What is the function of the esophagus |
The food tube from the mouth to the stomach |
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What is chyme |
The stomach contracts to churn fluids and food gradually producing a mixture known as chyme |
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What is the rhesus factor |
Some people will have an extra marker in the red blood cells if it is present the blood type is positive |
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What is the function of the esophagus |
The food tube from the mouth to the stomach |
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What is chyme |
The stomach contracts to churn fluids and food gradually producing a mixture known as chyme |
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What does the pancreas do |
It produces enzymes that break down carbs proteins lipids and nucleic acids. It also produces sodium bicarbonate |
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What does the small intestine do |
It is adapted for the absorption of nutrients. Moves chyme along the villi and microvili |
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Why is bile emulsifying fats not chemical digestion? |
There is no breaking of chemical bonds |
