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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tricyclic Antidepressant
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low margin of safety in OD; suicidal; arrythmias
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tranylepromine
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antidepressant; MAOI; irrevisible block of MAO A & B; tyramine interaction -> HTN crisis; SSRI interaction; dry mouth, sexual issues
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Fluoxetine
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antidepressant; SSRI; fever side effects than TCAs and MAOIs; larger margin of safety; used for depression, OCD, social anxiety; interaction with MAOIs -> seratonin syndrome
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trazodone
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antidepressant; non-lethal in OD
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bupropiron
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antidepressant; weight LOSS
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duloxetene
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antidepressant; also txs diabetic pain; anxiety disorder
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lithium salt
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tx bipolar disorder; decreases mania phase; dangerous in OD (usu. non-suicidal
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propofol
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IV anesthetic; antinauseant; decreases respiration
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ketamine
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IV anesthetic; strong analgesic used before sedation; incr HR and BP -> bad for CV pts; NMDA glutamate R antagonist
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etomidate
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IV anesthetic; least effect on BP -> best IV for CV patients
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midazolam
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benzodiazepine; interaction with CYP3A4 inhibitors; inhibits seizures; anterograde amnesia; muscle relaxation via CNS
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diazepam (valium)
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benzodiazepine; decreased respiration, an effect compounded when used w/ alcohol or opioids
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triazolam
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benzodiazepine; used in dentistry for perioperative sedation (short cases)
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flumazenil
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benzodiazepine antagonist; reverses BZ sedation in minutes
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all opioids
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lower HR; decrease respiration (may req ventilation); used for analgesia in dentistry
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sufentanil
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opioid; not used by dentisted
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alfentanil
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opioid; when given with propofol, total IV anesthesia (TIVA)
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remifentanil
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opioid; rapidly metab by esterases -> 10 min duration of action -> used for outpatient procedures
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nitrous oxide
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inhalation GA; low partition coeff (blood/gas solubility) -> fast onset; MAC>100% -> can't put people into GA; 2nd gas effect
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ether
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inhalation GA; only complete anesthetic; increases secretions
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isoflurane
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inhalation GA; low risk of arrhythmias
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halothane
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inhalation GA; not used anymore; may cause acute hepatitis
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sevoflurane
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inhalation GA; least irritating inhaled GA; no allergic hepatitis
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curare
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nondepol NMJ blocker; blocks autonomic ganglia; must be ventilated
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vecuroniium
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nondepol NMJ blocker; pure NMJ blocker
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rocuronium
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nondepol NMJ blocker; fastest onset of NM blockers
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cisatracurium
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nondepol NMJ blocker; hofmann elimination; used on pts with bad livers
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succinylcholine
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depol NMJ blocker; decreased HR; hyperkalemia -> not for kids; fesiculations; phase ii block
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clorpromazine
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typical AP; decrease (+) symptoms; irreversible tardive dyskinesia; wt gain; alpha block -> hypotension -> reflex tachycardia; chol block -> dry mouth
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clozapine
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atypical AP; tx (+) symptoms and improve (-) symptoms; lower risk of tardive dyskinesia; wt gain; sexual issues
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alzheimer's
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amyloid deposition w/ A4-beta; TAU protein tangles
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ALS
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SOD-1 antioxidant; affects motor fxn but not cognitive fxns; elevated glutamate (NT toxicity)
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glioblastoma
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intraaxial brain tumor; usu. malignant
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meningioma
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extraaxial brain tumor; usu. benign
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multiple sclerosis
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waxing/waning symptoms; t-cells attack myelin sheath (autoimmune disease); demarcated demylinations; dawson's fingers
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cartilage: interstitial growth
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chondrocytes forming nest cells
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cartilage: appositional growth
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chondroprogenitor cells cause perichondrial growth
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cortical bone: connecting lamellae
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interstitial lamellae connect osteons; circumferential lamellae on outer edges of bone
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bone fracture repair: primary
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like intramembranous ossification
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bone fracture repair: secondary
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like endochondral ossification; inflammatory phase (macrophages), reparative phase (callus formed), remodelling phase
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synovial joint: synovium
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type A synoviocytes: macrophage-like; type B synoviocytes: fibroblast-like, secrete hyaluronan and lubrican
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schizoaffective disorder
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schizophrenia + mood disorders
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cyclothymic disorder
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closely spaced eps of near-mania and near-depression
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somatization disorder
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numerous and confusing medical complaints
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conversion disorder
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symptoms that can't be medically explained after traumatic event
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factitious disorder
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intentional production of symptoms to assume the sick role
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malingering
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intentional production of symptoms for external incentive
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impulse control disorders
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kleptomania, pyromania, hair pulling
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cluster A PD
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weird; paranoid PD=distrust; schizoid PD=emotionally detached; schizotypal PD=eccentricity, social discomfort
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cluster B PD
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wild; antisocial PD=disregard other's basic rights; borderline PD=strong hate or love; histrionic PD=attn seeking; narcissistic PD
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cluster C PD
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worried; avoidant PD; dependent PD; obsessive compulsive PD
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5150
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health care professional requests 3 day hold in psych hospital for a pt
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stress=
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force/x-sectional area; max stress of muscle is 4 kg/cm2
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Ca release in skeletal m.
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t-tubule -> charged DHP moves -> attached to RyR on SR, which moves -> Ca released
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type I muscle fiber
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slow oxidative; red meat
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type Iia fiber
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fast oxidative glycolytic; red meat; fast contraction; intermediate fatiguability
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type Iib fiber
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fast glycolytic; white meat
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seizure: call 911 if…
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>5 min; 1st time seizure; repeats; pt is diabetic, pregnant, injured; occurs in water; doesn’t regain conciousness
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occlusive strokes
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30% fatal; thrombotic: 81%; embolic: 7% of strijes
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hemorrhagic strokes
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50-80% fatal; 12% of strokes; brought on by HTN (stress)
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bulla
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large raised blister; >.5 cm; filled with water, not pus
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macule
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change in skin color; flat; <1 cm
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papule
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no depth; >.5 cm; filled with keratin or pus (pustule)
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nodule
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papule + depth
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vesicle
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small blister; <.5 cm; fluid filled
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urticaria
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hives; broad flare of edematous skin; allergic rxn
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paget disease
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increased bone remodelling; gain bone mass; jigsaw appearance
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osteopetrosis
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abnormal osteoclast fxn; reduced bone resorption
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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not enough bone
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osteitis fibrosa cystica
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brown tumor; caused by primary or seconary hyperparathyroidism
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rickets
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poorly mineralized bone; vit D deficiency; open growth plates; kids
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acute osteomyelitis
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bone infection; sequestrum of dead bone; involucrum formed around sequestrum; sinus tract for pus drainage
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avascular osteonecrosis
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ischemia necrosis
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bisphosphate osteonecrosis
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bisphosphates inhibit osteoclasts -> low bone metab; exposed non-vital bone; common in jaw
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osteoradionecrosis
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exposed non-vital bone; common in jaw
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fibrous dysplasia
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monostotic, polystotic, polystotic w/ abnormalities (aka mccune albright syndrome)
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osteoarthritis
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destroyed cartilage; osteophytes (bony outgrowths); subchondral sclerosis (increased density)
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rheumatoid arthritis
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autoimmune disease; affects small joints
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buspirone
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semi-hypnotic; the only anti-anxiety w/o cns depression
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chloral hydrate
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semi-hypnotic; the only sedative that causes arrhythmias; leading cause of death in pedodontics
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