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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Levels of the human body |
Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Systems Organism |
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Cell Structure |
Mitochondria (power station) Ribosomes (produce protein) Cell membrane/wall Endoplasmic recticulum (transport) |
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Energy forms |
Light Heat Electrical Mechanical Chemical |
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Tissue types |
Muscular Nervous Epithelial (lines cavities and organs) Connective |
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12 systems |
Skeletal Nervous Respiratory Endocrine Immune Reproductive Muscular Cardiovascular Digestive Lymphatic Urinary Integumentary |
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Spine |
Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum 5 Coccyx 4 |
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Synovial joint types |
Ball and socket (shoulder) Hinge (elbow) Pivot (radio-ulnar) Saddle (only thumb) Gliding (vertebrae) Ellipsoid (wrist) |
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Structure of synovial joint |
Articular cartilage (lines end of bones for smooth movement) Joint capsule Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Ligaments (join bone to bone, add stability) |
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Muscle structure |
Muscle fibres Myofibrils (pencil like structure thar makes a bundle, making single muscle fibre) Sarcomere (approx 4500 per myofibril) Myosin (thick protein filament that makes a sarcomere) Actin (thin protein filament) |
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Three types muscle tissue |
Skeletal involuntary (conscious) Smooth involuntary (not under conscious control EG stomach) Cardiac |
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Muscle fibre types |
Type I slow oxidative glycolitic (Slow twitch) Type IIa fast oxidative (Fast twitch) Type IIb fast glycolitic |
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ATP |
Adenosine Triphosphate |
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ADP |
Adenosine Disphosphate |
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3 energy systems |
The Phosphocreatine system reforms ATP by bonding ADP and freely available phosphate within the muscle cell. The lactic acid system Uses Glycogen in the absence of oxygen to make ATP The Aerobic system The aerobic system accesses a massive store of virtually unlimited energy. ... The aerobic system produces far more ATP than either of the other energy systems but it produces the ATP much more slowly, therefore it cannot fuel intense exercise that demands the fast production of ATP. |
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4 heart chambers |
Atrium (top) x 2 Ventricle x 2 (bottom) |
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Heart flow direction |
left side of heart fills with oxygenated blood from lungs, right fills with deoxygenated blood back to lungs. Coronary arteries feed heart with oxygenated blood. |
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Cardiac output |
Ave bpm ranges from 60-80bpm. Multiply bpm by stroke volume = CO. CO = SV x BPM |
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Muscle type |
Longitudinal (long and straight) Quadrate (4 sides) Triangular (narrow to broad attachment) Fusiform (rounded that taper at the ends) Unipennate (half feather - one side) Bipennate (resembles tail feather - in pairs) Mutlipennate |
