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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the function of immune system |
defends against foreign invaders. |
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what are the various types of invaders does the immune system defend it self from |
bacteria viruses other organism foreign bodies/substances abnormal molecules cancerous cells |
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what is a microbe |
bacteria, viruses etc |
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what is an antimicrobial substance |
tends to kill or damage microboes e.g. lysosomal enzymes released by immune cells |
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what is the definition of lysosomal? |
breakdown body |
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what is an antigen |
'they provolk an immune response' - large molecules (usually proteins or polysaccharides that elisit specific responses from hosts |
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what is an epitope (antigen determinant) |
a specific discrete component of an antigen that attract immune responses |
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name the 2 responses of the immune system |
innate adaptive |
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what is an innate immune response |
a general response first line of defense 'we are born with it" |
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what happens the skin when the immune system is functioning in the 1st line of defense |
skin: tightly packed keratinized cells, shedding |
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what happens the mucous membrane when the immune system is functioning in the 1st line of defense |
mucous traps microbes, cilia sweeps them out |
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what happens to bodily-fluids when the immune system is functioning in the 1st line of defense |
- sweat: flushes the skin - tears: wash the eye - saliva: washes the teeth and mucous membrane - urine: reg. flow reduces microbial growth - gastric juice: stomach acid destroys some bacteria defecation: removes microbes vomiting: removes microbes |
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what parts of the body are affected by the 1st line of defense of the immune system |
skin mucous membrane bodily fluids |
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what does antimicrobial proteins do when the immune system is functioning in the 2nd line of defense |
antimicrobial proteins discourage microbial growth |
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what happens to natural killer (NK) cells when the immune system is functioning in the 2nd line of defense |
recognizes and kills microbes |
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what happens to pagocytes (fixed & wondering) when the immune system is functioning in the 2nd line of defense |
eat, microbes |
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what are some examples of fixed phagocytes |
fixed: - histiocytes (CT) - kupffer cells (Liver) - alveolar macrophages (Lung) - microglia (CNS) |
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what IS inflammation and HOW does it affect the body when the immune system is functioning in the 2nd line of defense |
- non-specific response to tissue damage - designed to remove microbes and prepare the site for repair |
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what happens when a fever is present when the immune system is functioning in the 2nd line of defense |
intensifies antimicrobial protein activity, inhibits microbial growth, speeds up repair |
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what is humoral immunity |
a high number of immune cells and other immune material like antibodies that circulate in the blood and lympn |
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where are immune cells located |
lymph nodes spleen skin mucosa vital organs |
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what is the function of B-cells |
key players in humoral immunity, they recognize microbes and antigens and produce antibodies |
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what is a plasma cell |
when the b-cell reaches maturation to shoot off antibodies |
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what are memory cells |
collected info from b-cells that stay in the body and respond quickly if a secondary exposure to the same antigen occurs |
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types of antibodies |
IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE |
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what antibodies crosses the placenta |
IgG |
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what antibodies are found in breast milk |
IgA |
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what antibodies are ONLY in found in blood and lymph |
IgM |
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what antibodies are needed in B-cell maturation |
IgD |
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what antibodies work good against parasites |
IgE |
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what are immunoglobulins |
antibodies |
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what are examples of immunoglobulins |
IgG IgA IgM IgD IgE |
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what are t-cells responsible for |
cell-mediated or cellular immunity |
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what immunoglobulin or antigen do t-cells activate in an allergen response |
IgE |
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what are t-helpers |
up regulation ( they get the immune system going ) |
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what are regulatory t-cells |
aka tregs - down regulation ( a suppressor t-cell ) |
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what is t-cytotoxic |
aka cd-8 - they destroy identified/presented antigens |
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what are the types of t-cells |
t-cytotoxic t-helpers regulator t-cells |
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major histocompatibility complex |
the coding of vanquished antigens do to the process of recognizing and responding to an antigen by the t-cells |
