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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is this? What is this sign indicative of? DDx? |
Leukonychia, usually on thumb and index finger Indicative of hypoalbuminemia, leading to opacification of the nail bed (not the nail) DDx: - CKD - Cirrhosis |
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What is this? What is this sign indicative of? differential diagnosis? |
Terry's nail Indicative of compression of capillary flow due to accumulation of extracellular fluid DDX: - Type 2 diabetes mellitus - congestive heart failure - chronic renal failure - cirrhosis |
White (>75%) proximal nail bed with a distal pink transverse band |
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What is this? What is this sign indicative of? differential diagnosis? |
Muehrke's lines Indicative of hypoalbuminemia with albumin level less than 2 g/dL DDx: - nephrotic syndrome - cirrhosis - malnutrition |
lines transverse the entire nail bed |
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What is this? differential diagnosis? |
Lindsay’s Nails (Half-and-half nails) DDx: Chronic Kidney Disease |
the white lunula extends to roughly 50% of the nail, with brown bad at junction of erythema and free edge |
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What is this? differential diagnosis? |
Splinter hemorrhage Infective Endocarditis |
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What is this? How to demonstrate? |
Clubbed fingernails 1. Hyponychial angle 2. Schamroth's sign 3. Interphalangeal depth ratio (DPD > IPD) |
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What is the grading of clubbing? |
Grade 1: normal, but increased nail bed fluctuance Grade 2: Obliteration of Lovibond angle Grade 3: Parrot beaking Grade 4: Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (drumstick finger) |
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What are the differential diagnosis for bilateral clubbing? |
1. CVS: - congenital cyanotic heart disease - infective endocarditis 2. Lung: - chronic suppurative lung disease (bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema)) - lung CA - idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 3. GIT - liver cirrhosis - inflammatory bowel disease - coeliac disease others: - thyrotoxicosis - cystic fibrosis, abestosis, pleural CA |
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What are the differential diagnosis for unilateral clubbing? |
Bronchial arteriovenous aneurysm Axillary artery aneurysm (basically anything that chronically reduces blood flow to that particular hand) |
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What is this? differential diagnosis? |
Onycholysis, it is the painless separation of the nail from the nail bed Psoriasis |
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What is this? differential diagnosis? |
Nail pitting Psoriasis |
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Describe the picture |
- Subungual keratosis - Yellow-brown discoloration - Onycholysis? |
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What is this? Differential diagnosis? |
Koilonychia (from the Greek: koilos-, hollow, onikh-, nail), also known as spoon nails DDx: Iron deficiency anemia Plummer-vinson syndrome |
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What is this? Differential diagnosis? |
Nailfold telangiectasia DDx:
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What is this? Differential diagnosis? |
Beau's lines Any severe systemic illness that disrupts nail growth: - Raynaud’s disease - pemphigus - trauma |
deep grooved lines that run from side to side on the fingernail or the toenail, but do not transverse the entire nail |
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What is this? Differential diagnosis? |
Yellow nails DDx: - chronic bronchiectasis or sinusitis - pleural effusions - internal malignancies - immunodeficiency syndromes - rheumatoid arthritis |
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Summary slide |
Summary slide |
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