Systemic Pathology

Front 1

Type 1 hyperaensitivity – IgE mediated

Back 1

Anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, urticaria, angioedema

Front 2

Type 2 antibody dependent cytotoxic

Back 2

Hemolytic anemia eg, Rh incompatibility

Front 3

Type 3 immune complex mediated (Arthus rxn)

Back 3

Serum sickness

Front 4

Type 4 delayed type hypersensitivity

Back 4

Contact dermatitis

Front 5

Tissue transplant rejection is a

Back 5

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction

Front 7

Most common immunodeficiency is

Back 7

Ab deficiency – decreases IgA production by B cells

Front 8

Di Georges Syndrome is a

Back 8

Congenital T cell deficiency

Front 9

Alternative complement pathway is activated by

Back 9

Bacterial endotoxins (binds C3)

Front 10

Classical complement pathway is activated by

Back 10

Ag/ab complexes (binds C1)

Front 11

Interferon gamma (INFg) is a lymphokine that

Back 11

increases the effectiveness of macrophages and NK cells

Front 12

Complement also has a chemotactic function to

Back 12

Attract phagocytes to the area of infection

Front 14

XXY

Back 14

Kleinfelter’s – male with female characteristics

Front 15

XO

Back 15

Turner’s – female with no 2o female characteristics

Front 16

XXX

Back 16

Triple female – mental retardation

Front 17

XYY

Back 17

Double male

Front 19

A carcinogenic toxin found in peanut butter is

Back 19

Aflatoxin (a mycotoxin)

Front 20

Benign tumors tend to expand

Back 20

Malignant tumors tend to be invasive

Front 21

Erysipelas is an acute inflammation of the skin

Back 21

Caused by S. pyogenes – occurs on cheeks

Front 22

Decubitus ulcers (bed sores or pressure sores)

Back 22

Caused by prolonged pressure over bony protuberances

Front 23

Tinea cruris

Back 23

Jock itch

Front 25

In lead poisoning you see

Back 25

Marked basophilic stippling in RBC

Front 26

Anemia of Myxedema (low thyroid function px)

Back 26

Macrocytic, normochromic

Front 27

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Back 27

Chronic hemolytic anemia, hemoglobin-emia and –uria

Front 28

Cells in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia carry the

Back 28

Philadelphia chromosome

Front 29

Chronic infx by B cell antigens induce

Back 29

Lymph node follicular hyperplasia

Front 30

Chronic infx by T cell antigens induce

Back 30

Lymph node paracortical lymphoid hyperplasia

Front 31

Hodgkin’s Diseases is characterized by

Back 31

Reed-sternberg giant cells

Front 32

Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is

Back 32

Mostly of B-cell origin

Front 34

Emphysema is characterized by an Increase in…

Back 34

the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole

Front 35

Tuberculosis infection can be seen as

Back 35

Ghon’s tubercles in a lung X-ray

Front 36

Mesothelioma is a primary lung tumor arising from

Back 36

The surface lining of the pleura – association with asbestos

Front 37

Goodpasture’s syndrome is associated with

Back 37

Necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis and proliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 38

Sarcoidosis is characterized by

Back 38

Noncaseating granulomas located primarily in the lung

Front 39

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)

Back 39

Gastrin secreting tumor in the pancreas – sever PUD

Front 40

Gastric ulcer

Back 40

Due to decreased tissue resistance to acid

Front 41

Stromal ulcer

Back 41

Vomiting blood, anemia and occult blood in stool

Front 42

Regional enteritis usually involves the

Back 42

Ilium – right quadrant pain

Front 43

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by

Back 43

Blood stool with no pathogenic organisms

Front 44

Granulomatous colitis (Chron’s Disease)

Back 44

Transmural colitis

Front 45

In Cirrhosis there is progressive injury of the liver and

Back 45

The hepatic portal vein is diverted around the liver

Front 46

Biliary disease in HIV patients is commonly caused by

Back 46

Cryptosporidium (Cryptosporidial cholangitis)

Front 47

Pancreastic insufficiency leads to

Back 47

Steatorrhea due to the lack of lipase

Front 48

A treatment of CHF is

Back 48

Digitalis which raises CO

Front 49

Sulfonylureas are drugs that

Back 49

Stimulate insulin secretion from Beta cells

Front 50

Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia are

Back 50

Primarily neurologic – may also cause cataracts

Front 51

Hyperpitutarism leads to an

Back 51

Overproduction of growth hormone

Front 52

In hypopitutarism the

Back 52

Gonadotropins are lost first, then GH, then TSH and ACTH

Front 53

Cushing’s disease (hypercorticism)

Back 53

Increased glucocorticoids – abnormal steroid hormone production by the adrenal gland – over production of ACTH by pituitary – fat redistribution

Front 54

Addison’s disease (hypocorticism)

Back 54

Deficiency in steroid production by the adrenal cortex – excess pigmentation of skin – Low Na and High K – low BP

Front 55

Pheochromocytoma

Back 55

Tumor of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete catecholamines – causes hypertension – px feel a sense of impending doom

Front 57

A classic migraine involves

Back 57

Visual aura – common migraine has no aura

Front 58

Cluster headaches can be associated with

Back 58

Alcohol – signs are tearing, photophobia, nasal congestion

Front 59

Muscular atrophy (wasting away) is due to a

Back 59

Denervation of the muscle

Front 60

Muscular dystrophies are a group if inherited disorders

Back 60

Muscle weakness without pain or cramping

Front 61

Tay Sachs disease is a gangliosidosis disease

Back 61

AR – ganglion cell destruction, glial proliferation and myelin degeneration – cherry red spot on macula

Front 62

The most common cause of chronic renal failure is

Back 62

Diabetes mellitus (then HTN and glomerulonephritis)

Front 63

Preeclampsia-Eclampsia of pregnancy is results in

Back 63

Hemorrhage, seizures, renal failure, DIC and death

Front 65

Marasmus is a

Back 65

Continued restriction of dietary energy and protein

Front 66

Kwashiorkor is a quantitative and qualitative deficiency

Back 66

Of protein – energy intake may be adequate

Front 67

Rickets is caused by a deficiency of

Back 67

Vit D and a failure of the small intestine to absorb Ca++

Front 68

Osteomalacia

Back 68

Adult counterpart to rickets

Front 69

Scurvy occurs when a lack of

Back 69

Ascorbic acid results in a CT disturbance – bleeding gums

Front 70

Beriberi is the result if a deficiency of

Back 70

Thiamin

Front 71

Pellagra is the disease of the 3 Ds

Back 71

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia – may result from malabsorption syndrome, alcoholism or low protein diets

Front 72

Thiamin deficiency can cause

Back 72

Wernike-Korsakoff syndrome, Beriberi and heart disease

Front 73

In alcoholism Vitamin C def. occurs when consumption

Back 73

Exceeds 30% of the total caloric intake

Front 74

Vitamin E and selenium are

Back 74

Antioxidants – def. causes RBC death and neuro problems

Front 75

Vitamin C deficiency causes a

Back 75

Failure in wound healing due to the CT disturbances

Front 76

Thiamin is involved in a stage of

Back 76

Carbohydrate breakdown

Front 77

The Pellagra preventing vitamin is

Back 77

Niacin (nicotinic acid)

Front 78

Anticonvulsant medications reduced serum levels of

Back 78

Folate

Front 79

Pantothenic acid is a

Back 79

Constituent of coenzyme A

Front 80

Vitamin K is necessary for the formation of

Back 80

Prothrombin in the liver and clotting factors VII, IX, X

Front 81

Cobalt is a

Back 81

Constituent of vitamin B12

Front 83

Spastic cerebral palsy

Back 83

70% of CP cases – upper motor neuron spacticity – scissors gait and toe walking

Front 84

Athetoid/dyskinetic cerebral palsy

Back 84

20% of CP cases – movements related to emotional tension – slow, writhing and involuntary movements

Front 85

Ataxic cerebral palsy

Back 85

10% of CP cases – damage in the cerebellum – weakness, incoordination, wide based gait, problems with fine mvmts

Front 86

The most common CP cases are

Back 86

Mixed – spastic with athetosis

Front 88

Withdrawal symptoms for cocaine and opiates are

Back 88

Irritability. Hypertonicity, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, convulsions and hyperventilation

Front 89

Withdrawal symptoms of barbiturates

Back 89

Convulsions, irritability and fussiness