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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of Tuberculosis (TB)
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-contracted by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strict aerobe, stained with acid fast d/t to mycolic acid in cell wall)
2 types: 1 Primary TB (Ghons complex) 2. Secondary (reactivation) TB (no Ghons complex) |
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What is the screening method used for TB?
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PPD: Purified protein derivative
-is an intradermal test -DOES NOT distinguish active from inactive disease |
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What is the location of Primary TB?
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Upper part of the lobes or lower part of the upper lobes
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What is the prognosis of Primary TB?
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Usually resolves:
-produces calcified granuloma or area of scar tissue -may be a site of origin for secondary TB |
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Where are the site of reactivation TB?
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Involves one or both apices in the Upper lobe (ventilation is greatest at this site which helps TB grow)
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Characteristics of reactivation TB?
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-occurs d/t reactivation of a previous TB site
-Produces cavitary lesions d/t the release of cytokines from memory T-cells |
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What organisms produce Cavitations in the upper lobe of the lungs?
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TB (secondary)
Histoplasmosis Klebsiella Squamous cell carcinoma |
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What are the symptoms of TB?
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Fever
Drenching night sweats Weight loss |
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What are some of the complications associated with TB?
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-Can spread to other areas within the lungs
-can spread to extrapulmonary areas Via Pul. vein - Can cause: 1. Massive hemoptysis 2. Bronchiectasis 3. scar carcinoma |
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What is the most common extrapulmonary site for TB to spread?
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Kidney
Can also spread to: Liver=causing granulomatous hepatitis Vertebra=Pott's disease |
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Charcateristics of Mycobacterium avium-Intracellulare complpex (MAC)?
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-Its an atypical Mycobacterium
-MCC of TB in AIDS patients (opportunistic infections=low CD4 count) |
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What is the most common cause of Lung Abscesses?
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Aspiration of oropharyngeal material
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What kind of individuals are lung abscesses usually associated with?
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-usually seen in street/homeless people
-occurs in people with depressed cough reflexes (after anesthesia) |
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What is the composition of a lung abscess?
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Mixture of aerobic/anaerobic stretococci and staphylococci, Prevotella, Fusobacterium
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What are some symptoms seen in a person with a lung abscess?
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Spiking fever with productive cough (foul-smelling fever)
chest x-ray shows cavitations with an air-fluid level |
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What are some complications associated with lung abscesses?
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1. bacterial pneumonia (Staph aureus, Klebsiella)
2. septic embolism (Infective endocarditis) 3. Obstructive lung neoplasia |
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What are the aspiration site in the lungs when a person is LAYING ON THEIR RIGHT SIDE?
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1. posterior segment of the right-upper lobe
2. right middle lobe |
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What are the aspiration site in the lungs when a person is LAYING ON THEIR BACK?
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Superior segment of the right lower lobe
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What are the aspiration site in the lungs when a person is STANDING OR SITTING?
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Posterobasal segment of the right lower lobe
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What are the aspiration site in the lungs when a person is LAYING ON THEIR LEFT SIDE?
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lingular of the lung
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What is themajor origin/site of a pulmonary embolus?
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Femoral Vein
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What are some of the risk factors that may lead to a Pulmonary thromboembolism?
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Stasis of blood: prolonged bed-rest/flights
Hypercoagulative states |
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What are the two sizes of emboli that plug the pulmonary vessels?
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1. Large emboli
-occludes major vessels--->saddle embolus (deadly) 2. Small emboli -occludes med-size vessels and small pulmonary vessels (usually doesn't produce an infarct only if there's a pre-existing condition (smoking)) |
