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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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**Why shouldn't women over 35 who smoke take contraceptives? |
Risk of deep venous thrombosis.
OCP increases risk of blood clots** |
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Six origens of emboli
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"FAT BAT"
Fat, air,thrombus (99%), bacterial, amnionic fluid, tumor |
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Risk factors for CRVO/BRVO
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HTN, DM, **oral contraceptives (if a 20-something gets BRVO assume this), smoking, vasculitis, pregnancy, CHF
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Shock is decreased blood profusion (not enough fluid reaching an organ). What are the 4 types?
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-Cardiogenic (heart can't pump blood)
-Hypovolemic (loss of fluid) -Anaphylactic (histamine) -Septic:toxic shock>vasodilation >pooling of blood |
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Arcus is a sign of?
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Past or present high cholesterol
Benign, not sight-affecting |
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If suspect myocardial infarction, what should you give?
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325 mg aspirin
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HTN is BP of?
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-140/90 or higher
-90% is essential -10% related to renal artery stenosis |
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Rheumatic fever
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-Ages 5-15
-Caused by untreated strep throat -Alters heart valves |
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Characterize Right side and Left side CHF
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Left side-Blood pools in lungs>shortness of breath
right side>Blood pools in body |
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Most common cause of left-sided CHF? Right-sided CHF?
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Left:Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Right:Left sided CHF |
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Heart palpatations vs murmurs
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Palp: irregular, benign, premature ventr contactions
Murmur: blood flowing across heart valve, stenosis |
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In renal failure, what is decreased, what is increased?
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GFR decr, Creatinine goes above 1.0, BUN (blood urea nitrogen) incr
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Nephrotic Syndrome
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>3.5g protein in blood
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Prostate cancer
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-Most common cancer in males
-2nd most common cause of cancer death in males (lung 1st) -Over age 50 -Elevated PSA (prostate specific antigen) |
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Chlamydia
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-Most common STD in USA
-Inflammation of genitals -Azithromycin, doxycycline -Chronic follicles |
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Gonorrhea
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-Pain urinating
-Severe, hyperacute purulent discharge (FOAMY) -Ceftriaxone 125 IM & Doxy 100 bid (to cover possible chlamydia) |
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HSV type 2
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-Dx confirmed by giant cells on **Wright-Gram stain
-type 1=mouth -type 2=genitals -both can infect eye -Tx: Acyclovir |
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Pregnancy
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-Increased HCG hormone
-Rhogam injection for Rh- women -Ectopic pregnancy =Outside uterus |
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Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia
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*Triad: BP>140, protein in urine, swelling of lower extremities
-Eclampsia:Above plus seizures |
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Cervical cancer
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-History of HPV( human papilloma virus)
-Dx with Pap smear -Tx like cancer |
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Most comon cancers in women, most deadly?
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Common: Breast, lung, colon
Deadly: Lung, breast, colon |
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Most comon cancers in men, most deadly?
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Common: prostate, lung, colon
Deadly: Lung, prostate, colon |
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Kwashiorker
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Protein malnutrition
Swollen belly |
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Marasmus
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Protein calorie malnutrition
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Wernick-Korsakoff Syndrome
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Alcoholic with vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
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Fetal Rubella
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-Mother to fetus
-Cataracts, glaucoma, heart defects |
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Fetal Syphilis
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can cause Interstitial keratitis & CNS disorders
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Infant cataracts, think...
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Rubella or galactosemia
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Common causes of peptic ulcer disease and treatment
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-helicobacter pylori, chronic NSAID
-H2 blockers(ranitidine, cimetidine) -Proton pump inhibitors (esomeprazole / omeprazole), -Antibiotics |
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Two type of inflammatory bowel syndrome
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Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis
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Crohn's disease: where, what, eye involvment
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"Fat old crone skipping down cobblestone road"
-Any portion of GI tract (**Skip lesions) -Fistulas (unnatural connecting tubes) -non-granulomatous uveitis 2.4% |
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Ulcerative Colitis: where, what, eye involvment
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-Colon (colitis) & *Rectal
-Colorectal cancer -non-granulomatous uveitis 5-10% |
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Wilson's disease
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-Failure of copper to enter circulation
-Copper builds up in liver, brain, cornea -Kayser-Fleischer Ring -Tx:penicillamine (not penicillin; S/E:ocualr myasthenia, cicatricial pemp., neuritis) |
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hepatits is viral (or alcoholic) inflammation/sclerosis of liver. Results in increased liver enzymes____ & _____
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AST, ALT
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Which hepatitis have vaccines?
Which spread only by fecal? Which spread by blood, IV drugs, sex? Which hep only comes with hep B? Which one is chronic? Which is DNA? |
Vaccines: Hep A, B
Fecal: Hep A,E Blood, IV drugs, sex: Hep B,C Hep D only comes with Hep B Chronic: Hep C DNA: Hep B (the rest are RNA) |
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Acute Pancreatits
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-Alcohol abuse/gallstones
-Increased serum amylase and/or lipase -Pain near belly button |
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Chronic Pancreatis
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-Alcoholism (90%)
-Fatty stools and Diabetes |
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Two types of COPD
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Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis
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Emphysema
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"Pink Puffers"
-Decreased recoil -Shortness of breath |
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Chronic bronchitis
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"Blue bloaters"
-Hypertrophy of mucous glands -cyanosis of extremeties -wheezing/crackling lungs |
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Asthma:
Tx of acute vs chronic |
Acute (infection, allergens, stress): bronchodilators like albuterol, isoproterenol, metaproterenol
Chronic (inflamm of airway): inhaled or oral steroids |
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Diabetes Mellitus vs
Diabetes Insipidus |
Mellitus: poor insulin secretion or response
Insipidus: pee too much b/c ADH levels are low or ineffective |
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
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Autoimmune attack of thyroid gland>hypo (increased TSH, decr T3 and T4)
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Hyperthyroidism
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85% caused by Graves (TSH receptor antibodies)
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Hyperparathyroid
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"Bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans, fatigue overtones"
-Parathyroid hormone incr blood Ca2+ by: 1) kidney reabsorption, 2) breaking down bone -Hyperparathyroid causes hypercalcemia |
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Addison's disease
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"Need to add more"
-Autoimmune atrophy of adrenal gland |
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Cushing's Syndrome
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"Have a cushion of cortisol (corticosteroids)"
-Excessive corticosteroids usu b/c of Rx -Central obesity, moon face, buffallo hump |
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Pheochromocytoma
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-Too much NE and epi
-Tumor of adrenal gland -HTN, HA, papilledema |
