Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Borrelia burgdorferi
|
LYME DISEASE
GM- microaerophilic, motile, loosely coiled spirochetes DOGS- polyarthritis, fever, anorexia HORSES & CATTLE- arthritis, ocular and neural involvement VIRULENCE- Outer membrane proteins (antigenic variation, down-regulation) Lipoproteins- adherence TESTS- PCR tests; serological tests controversial Tx and Prevention: ABs DOXY; tick control, lyme vax (bacterin, subunit- recombinant outer surface protein) TRANSMITTED BY TICKS (DEER REQUIRED FOR LIFE CYCLE) RESEVOIR IS RODENTS |
|
|
Rickettsia rickettsii
|
ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER
GM-, obligate intracellular, coccobacillus (Inside ENDOTHELIAL CELLS) Most common in DOGS High fever (USUALLY 1st), anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhagic mucous membranes, tenderness over lymph nodes, joints, muscles, petechial and eccyhmotic hemorrhages develop later on ocular, oral and genital mucous membranes, neurologic signs COLONIZATION- Escape from vaculoe, actin polymerization DIAG- Bacteria seen inside cells by indirect immunogluorescence Tx & Prevent- Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones; avoid tick infested areas, remove ticks Transmitted by TICK BITES NATURAL INHABITANT OF RODENTS |
|
|
FAMILY ANAPLASMATACEAE
|
OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
TWO MEMBRANCE BUT LACK LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE EHRLICHIA, NEORICKESTTSIA, ANAPLASMA |
|
|
Erlichia canis
|
Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS
Mononuclear cells Initially mild infection (Mod. fever, depression, inappetance, weight loss, pale MM, dyspnea, lymphadenopathy) May progress to SEVERE Dz (Epistaxis, CNS disturbances, glomerulonephritis, pneumonia) Colonization factors: p12- outer membrane protein (adherence); antigenic variation of major surface proteins Diag: PCR, serological tests Tx & Prevent- Tetracycline; prevent tick exposure, Transmission by ticks; Infected animals are source of bacteria |
|
|
Erlichia ruminatum
|
AFRICAN HEARTWATER Dz
Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS Peracute Dz- fever, rapid death Acute Dz- fever, N.S. signs, death Colonization: antigenic variation of major surface proteins Diag: PCR, serological tests Tx & Prevent- Tetracycline; prevent tick exposure, VAX live E. ruminatum used to vax young animals Transmission by ticks; Infected animals are source of bacteria |
|
|
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
|
SALMON POISONING Dz
FLUKE- Nanophyetus salmincola Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS Fever, swollen L.N., anorexia, depression, wt. loss, persist diarrhea Diag- inside MACs in LN aspirates Multiply inside monocytes; associated w/ Trematodes that use snails as intermediate hosts |
|
|
Neorickettsia risticii
|
POTOMAC HORSE FEVER
Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS Fever, listless, anorexia, leukopenia, diarrhea DIAG- identified serologically or by PCR |
|
|
Anaplasma marginale
|
Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS
CATTLE- erythrocytes, anemia (fever, wt. loss, abortion); infected cells removed by phagocytosis VIRULENCE- Msp1- adherence; antigenic variation of surface proteins DIAG- blood smears reveal intracellular organisms Tx & Prevent- Tetracycline; vax live to young animals; bacterin |
|
|
Anaplasma ovis
|
Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS
PIGS- erythrocytes, anemia (fever, wt. loss, abortion); infected cells removed by phagocytosis DIAG- blood smears reveal intracellular organisms Tx- Tetracycline |
|
|
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
|
Obligate intracellular bacteria, have 2 membranes but lack LPS
Granulocytes and/or monocytes Severe Dz in order animals (HORSES, DOGS)- (high fever, mucosal pallor, icterus, inappetance, depression, edema TICK BORNE FEVER IN RUMINANTS- Fever, drop in milk yield, lethargy, polypnea, abortion DIAG- blood smears reveal intracellular organisms Tx- Tetracycline |
|
|
Bacillus anthracis
|
GM+, strict aerobic, spore-forming bacillus
INGESTION of ANTHRAX NATURAL INHABITANT of WATER and SOIL ZOONOTIC |
|
|
Haemophilus parasuis
|
GLASSER's Dz (PIGS)
GM- bacillus; fac. anaerobe; requires NAD for growth in vitro GLASSERs DZ- Pigs--> polyserositis, affecting pleura, peritoneum, mediastinum, pericardium, joints, and meninges; fever, malaise, respiratory and abdominal distress, lameness, and paralytic or convulsive signs. COLONIZATION: Pili (adhere to resp. epith); Transferrin-iron binding protein; Neuraminidase (clears away mucus so bacteria can adhere to the epithelium) VIRULENCE- bacteria from nasopharynx invade bloodstream and spread throughout the body; ENDOTOXIN induces inflammation, leading to formation of fibrinopurulent exudates on tissues. (Signs of shock when endotoxin enters bloodstream) RESEVOIR: Nasopharynx of clinically normal swine; trans by respiratory secretions |
|
|
Pasteurella multocida ssp gallicida
|
FOWL CHOLERA
GM- coccobacillus; fac. anaerobe Systemic infection- chickens, turkeys, waterfowl (often see peracute Dz) Acute Dz- listless, anorexia, diarrhea, nasal discharge, ocular discharge Subacute Dz- respiratory signs Chronic Dz- widespread lesions VIRULENCE: Pili, Capsule, Multicidin (siderophore) DAMAGING: Outer membrane protein, hyaluronidase, neuraminidase, Endotoxin (organisms end up in bloodstream releasing endotoxin) DOES NOT MAKE PMT TOXIN RESEVOIR: MM of susceptible host species; environmental contamination contributes to indirect transmission; trans by inhalation and ingestion |
|
|
Actinobacillus equuli
|
SLEEPY FOAL Dz
GM- small coccobacillus; fac. anaerobe Sleepy Foal Dz (Navel ill)- Peracute Dz: sleepy, fever, diarrhea, prostration (septicemia w/in a few days of birth), rapid death, surviving animals develop arthritis, pneumonia (if foal gets supply of good colostrum should be sufficient to prevent Dz) Arthritis in older animals SWINE Dz- arthritis, endocarditis, nephritis, septicemia, mastitis VIRULENCE: Aqx toxin (hemolytic; pore forming toxin at low conc (activation of cells); kills cells at high conc) Natural inhabitant of MM in Resp. tract and alimentary tract of horses (spread from Mare to foals after birth; acquired thru umbillicus) |
|
|
Yersinia pestis
|
PLAGUE
GM- coccobacillus; fac. anaerobe CATS very susceptible to Dz: 3 forms: Bubonic, Septicemic, Pneumonic. BUBONIC- high temp, dehydration, and lymphadenomegaly (LN that drain site of infection and become inflammed and swollen are BUBOES; may undergo necrosis and abscess formation and may drain thick creamy pus through fistulous tracts. SEPTICEMIC- hematogenous spread of bacteria involves virtually every organ, fever, shock, DIC, and leukocytosis (usually FATAL) PNEUMONIC- bacteria spread hematogenously to lungs; also can be acquired thru inhalation of contaminated droplets (RAPIDLY FATAL) COLONIZATION: Hemin binding proteins (imp in flea coag); Pla (plasminogen activator); capsule; pH 6 antigen DAMAGING: LcrV (inhibits phagocytosis); YopJ (induces macrophage apoptosis); YopH, YopO (inhibits phagocytosis, resp. bursts); Endotoxin (SHOCK) RESEVOIR: maintained in tolerant resevoir hosts (rodents) in endemic areas; trans by ingestion, flea bite, or less commonly inhalation ZOONOTIC |
|
|
Francisella tularensis
|
TULAREMIA
GM- bacillus; obligate aerobe TULAREMIA- SEVERE septicemic Dz with a high mortality rate in some animals; granulomatous lesions are formed in various organs and in LNs; may undergo necrosis and suppuration; bacteria are spread from point of entry to draining LNs and then enter bloodstream SHEEP: stiff gait, increased HR and RR, fever, cough, rapid wt. loss, progressive weakness, recumbency PIGLETS: high fever, depression, profuse sweating, dyspnea COLONIZATION: Fac. intracellular parasites of MACs; AcpA acid phosphatase (inhibits resp. bursts--> survive and grow inside cytoplasm of cell); MinD (resistence to oxidative killing); IgIC (blocks signaling downstream of TLR4) Natural inhabitant of RABBITS AND HARES; trans by ticks or direct contact with infected animals (usually assoc. w/ tick infestation) ZOONOTIC (10 organisms can cause Dz) |
|
|
Burkholderia mallei
|
GLANDERS
GM- bacillus; aerobic; obligate parasite (infected Equidae are resevoir) GLANDERS- HORSES, CATS, DOGS, GOATS, CAMELS, and SHEEP; bacteria invade through the intestinal wall and become bloodborne--> localize in lungs, skin, and nasal mucosa. ACUTE Dz- high fever, cough, nasal discharge, rapidly spreading nasal ulcers and nodules of the skin on the lower limbs or abdomen--> Death due to septicemia in a few days. CHRONIC Dz- 3 forms: PULMONARY: chronic cough, frequent epistaxis, and labored breathing NASAL: nasal lesions on lower parts of turbinates (nodular and may ulcerate); submaxillary LN is enlarged SKIN: subQ nodules that ulcerate and discharge pus with color and consistency of DARK HONEY; if lesions are deeper they discharge through fistulous tracts (draining LNs are also affected) COLONIZATION- Defensin resistance; capsule (fac. intracellular parasite get into cytoplasm in cell move thru then produce CAPSULE) DAMAGING: proteases; lipases, phospholipase C, hemolysin (RESISTANT to defensins; INDUCE INFLAMM. RESPONSE) ZOONOTIC- horse handlers or vets doing post-mortem exams acquire thru skin abrasions (GRANULOMATOUS DZ w/ PYEMIA; HIGH CASE-FATALITY RATE) Trans- Infected Equidae; by ingestion of feed and water contaminated by secretions from resp tract or skin lesions. ERADICATED FROM US (imp in ASIA and Middle East) TEST- MALLEIN TEST- heat extract of B. mallei is inoculated intradermally into lower eyelid, positive is indicated by edema of lid |
|
|
Burkholderia pseudomallei
|
MELIOIDOSIS
GM- bacilli; aerobic; obligate parasite of infected Equidae MELIOIDOSIS: HORSES, SHEEP, RODENTS, HUMANS SHEEP: CNS involvment; fatal; abnormal gait, circling, deviation of head, and mild tetanic convulsions HORSES: similar to Glanders RODENTS: CNS involvement; fatal GOATS, PIGS; chronic VIRULENCE: resistant to defensins and produces a variety of damaging factors: protease, lipase, phospholipase C, and hemolysin; CAPSULE! SOURCE- infected animals, environment; acquired by ingestion or breaks in skin |
|
|
Chlamydophila pecorum
|
GM- OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES
CALVES, LAMBS and PIGLETS- polyarthritis, encephalitis and enteritis LAMBS- STIFF LAMB Dz- polyarthritis CALVES- systemic complications and high mortality; sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis (febrile Dz of calves that produces locomotor, postural and behavioral disturbances), mild cough, nasal discharge and diarrhea PIGLETS- Encephalitis, polyarthritis, enteritis VIRULENCE- Bacteria at mucosal surfaces enter bloodstream and spread to brain; damage to tissues is due to bacterial induced cell lysis and ensuing inflamm response LAB- identify INCLUSIONS in patient's specimens (ie Giemsa stain) |
|
|
Borrelia anserina
|
GM- microaerophillic, motile, loosely coiled spirochetes
FOWL SPIROCHETOSIS- Fever, depression, anorexia, cyanotic, greenish diarrhea; later paralysis, anemia VIRULENCE: bacteria innoculated into skin then multiply locally then dissemiate throughout the body; outer membrane protein synthesis is down-regulated, aiding in persistence; majority of damage is due to host's inflamm response and autoimmune phenomena TRANs by TICKS; ticks become infected by feeding on infected animals, bacterium is trans vertically (transovarian); infection by tick bite |
|
|
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
|
NO cell wall; natural inhabitant of MM.
PIGS- polyserositis, arthritis in piglets, fever, listless, inapp |
|
|
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
|
NO cell wall; natural inhabitant of MM.
PIGS- arthritis in pigs, lamenss, inapp, wt. loss |
|
|
Mycoplasma synoviae
|
NO cell wall; natural inhabitant of MM.
CHICKENS & TURKEYS: synovitis, lameness, retarded growth, listless, dehydration |
|
|
Mycoplasma haemofelis
|
Surface proteins of erythrocytes, NO CELL WALL
CATS- Anemia, weakness, pallor, jaundice, fever (can be assymp) Infected cells removed by phagocytosis Organism can be seen in blood smears; PCR Trans: bloodborne- blood-sucking arthropods, fighting PREVENT STRESS |
|
|
Mycoplasma suis
|
NO cell wall; cell surface parasites of erythrocytes;
PIGS- Ictero-anemia, PIGLETS- weakness, anemia; decreased reproductive efficiency of sows, delayed production gains in feeder pigs, acute hemolytic anemia in feeder pigs- depression, anorexia, fever, weakness, jaundice Infected cells removed by phagocytosis Organisms seen in blood smears Trans: bloodborne- hog louse, instruments |
|
|
Blastomyces dermatitidis
|
Yeast with broad based buds in parasitic form (DIMORPHIC) mold in environment
most common in DOGS- Long-term non-specific signs- anorexia, wt. loss, dyspnea, ocular disease, lameness, skin lesions (most common one that spreads to EYES!) COLONIZATION: BAD-1 (adhesion, inhibition of TNF-alpha production) Natural inhabitant of soil; spread by inhalation (eastern 3rd of US) Tx- amphotericin B, itraconazole |
|
|
Coccidioides immitis
|
VALLEY FEVER
Dimorphic FUNGI- molds in one form; parasites form- SPHERULES (filled with endospores) DOGS- Fever, anorexia, weakness, wt. loss, lameness, depression HORSES- wt. loss, cough, muscle pain, superficial abcesses CATS- skin lesions, fever, inapp, wt. loss VIRULENCE- Spherule outer wall glycoprotein (adhesin); drives a Th2 response, which won't get rid of it; urease contribute to disease (local prod. of ammonia) (induces inflamm. response) Spherules can be seen in tissues, grown on Sabouraud agar in room temp. Can't grow in cold temps. Tx: ketoconazole, itraconazole Natural inhabitant of soil |
|
|
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum
|
DIMORPHIC MOLD: Yeast in parasitic form; fac. intracellular pathogen of phagocytic cells
DOGS- lethargy, anorexia, wt. loss, diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, enlarged reticuloendothelial organs CATS- depression, wt. loss, fever, dyspnea, tachypnea, enlarged reticuloendotheliial organs. |
