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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name and describe major apomorohy of eudicots.
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tricolpate derived pollen
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Economically important member of papaveraceae. most production in Afghanistan
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Papaver somniferum. opium poppy
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3 families of Proteales
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Plantanaceae, Proteaceae, Nelumbonaceae
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single genus and common name of Plantanaceae
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Platanus, sycamore tree
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3 basal orders and 2 major core eudicot groups
CRASS |
Caryophyllales,Rosids, Asterids, Santalales, Saxifragales
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carnivorous plant families found in Caryophyllales
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Droseraceae and Nepenthaceae
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What is distinctive about perianth cycle, locule #, and placentation of Amaranthaceae
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1 whorl of perianth, 1 locule, basal placentation
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traditional family included in Amaranthaceae
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Chenopodiaceae
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habit, stem texture, and geographic distrib. of Cataceae
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trees or shrubs, succulent stem, desert regions of the New World
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Distinctive of Caryphyllaceae stem nodes, lv arrangement, corolla type, placentation
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swollen nodes, opp, lvs, distinct clawed petals, free central placentation
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term describing stipular sheath of most members of polygonaceae
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Ocrea
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root type and plant nutrition of Santalaceae
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Haustorial roots, hemiparasitic
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lv arrangement and lv texture of Crassulaceae
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spiral, opp, or whorled lvs
succulent texture |
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Photosynthesis type, infl type, gynoecium fusion, fruit type of Crassulaceae
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CAM photosynthesis, cymose infl, apocarpous gynoecium, follicetum fruit
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common Rosid families (5)
FARMM |
Fagaceae
Anacardiaceae Rosaceae Malvaceae Melastomataceae FARMM |
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What is distinctive about fruit type of Geranieae tribe of Geraniaceae?
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schizocarps with elongate persistent peak
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What is distictive of lv arrangement and venation in Melastomataceae?
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simple, opp lvs with 3-9 subparallel veins
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stamen number of Myrtaceae
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many stamens distinct of connate into 4 or 5 groups
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Distinctive of Caryphyllaceae stem nodes, lv arrangement, corolla type, placentation
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swollen nodes, opp, lvs, distinct clawed petals, free central placentation
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ovule position of polygonaceae
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basal in the carpel
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Common name of Onagraceae
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Evening primrose family
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floral formula of Onagraceae
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K4, C4, A4 + 4, G4, inferior
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typical ovary position, perianth androecial position, carpel number, placentation of Cucurbitaceae
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inferior ovary, epigynous perianth, 3 carpels, parietal placentation
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3 economically imp members of Cucurbitaceae
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Citrullus- watermelon
Cucumbis-cucumber Cucurbita-squash/pumpkin |
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traditional name of Fabaceae
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Leguminosae
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gynoecial fusion, carpel number, placentation, fruit type of Fabaceae
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unicarpellous gynoecium, 1 carpel, marginal/lateral placentation, legume fruit
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table showing differences between 3 families of Fabaceae in A. flw symm B. banner position and C. stamen #/fusion
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p. 376
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economically important members of Fabaceae (6)
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Medicago-alfalfa
Trifolium-clover Glycine-soybean Arachis-peanut Phaseolus-beans Pisum-peas MTGAPP |
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common name, plant sex, infl type, fruit type of Betulaceae
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birch, unisexual fls, catkin infl, 2-winged samara/nut
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How does Fagaceae differ from Betulaceae?
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fruit with subtending cupule of connate involucral bracts
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plant sex of Euphorbiaceae
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unisexual
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typical carpel/ locule # of Euphorbiaceae
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3 carpels/locules
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incl type of Euphorbiaceae
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Cyathium
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3 economically imp members of Euphorbiaceae
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Ricinus-castor bean
Hevea-rubber plant Manihot-cassava |
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common name of Passifloraceae
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passion flower
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2 distinctive floral features in Passifloraceae
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one or more whorls of coronal appendages between perianth and androecium, androgynophore
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members of Violaceae with zygomorphous fls have anterior petal modified into what str? fxn?
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spur for storing nectar
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Diagnostic features of Oxalidaceae
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pinnate/palmate lvs, bisexual, basal nectaries, two whorls of stamens
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3 diagnostic features of Moraceae
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unisexual, milky latex, stipules, single apical ovule
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3 economically important members of Moraceae
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Artocarpus-breadfruit
Ficus carica-edible fig Morus-mulberry |
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unusual feature of roots in some Rhamnaceae
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associated with nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes bacteria
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Name the traditional subfamilies of the Rosaceae and note how they differ with respect to gynoecial fusion, ovary position, and fruit type. (4)
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Spiraeoideae, apocarpous, superior ovary, follicetum;
Rosoideae: apocarpous gynoecium, drupecetum or achencetum, superior ovary; Prunoideae: single carpel, superior ovary, drupe fruit Maloideae: apocarpous, inferior ovary, pome fruit). |
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economically important members of Rosaceae (6)
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Fragaria-strawberry
Rosa-roses Prunus-peach Malus-apples Pyrus-pears Rubus-blackberry |
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What is the alternate, traditional name for the Brassicaceae family? The common name.
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Cruciferae
Crucifers |
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What is the corolla type for the Brassicaceae?
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Apopetalous
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What former three families are now included as part of the family Malvaceae?
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Bombacaceae
Tiliaceae Sterculiaceae |
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What is the name of the specialized bracts that subtend the calyx in many Malvaceae including Gossypium (cotton)?
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epicalyx
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Name the common name of and several economically important members of the family Anacardiaceae.
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Rhus, sumacs;
Anacardium, cashew; Pistacia, pistachio; Mangifera, mango; Toxicodendron, poison oak, poison ivy |
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Name an economically important member of the family Rutaceae.
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Citrus, oranges, grapefruits
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How is the Rutaceae distinctive with regard to a. nectaries, b. glandular secretions?
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anular, nectariferous disk, and secretory glands containing ethereal oils
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What former family is now included within the Sapindaceae?
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Aceraceae
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Name two potential apomorphies for the Asterids.
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iridoid compounds;
sympetalous corolla; unitegmic, tenuinucellate ovules |
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What is the common name of the Cornaceae, and how is the family distinctive with regard to a) leaf arrangement, b) inflorescence type, C) ovary position, and d_) fruit type?
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Dogwood. Usually opposite; cyme or heads of cymes; inferior ovary; often a drupe fruit.
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common name of Ericaceae, and how is the family distinctive with regard to a) associated soil chemistry, b) corolla shape, and c) anther dehiscence.
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Heath family; acid soils; sympetalous corolla, poricidal anther dehiscence
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Name two economically important members of the Ericaceae
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Vaccinium- blueberry
Rhododendron |
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For Boraginaceae., what is the inflorescence unit, corolla fusion, and corolla symmetry?
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monochasial cyme; sympetalous with five lobes; actinomorphic corolla
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chemical compound is found in the tissues of the Apocynaceae
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latex
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Describe the distinctive androecium and pollen fusion type found in the Asclepiadoids (milkweeds)
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androecium adnate to single stigma: gynostegium
pollen connate: pollinia (corpuscular, translator) |
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Name a medicinally important member of the Apocynaceae, including compounds used and diseases it is used to treat.
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Catharanthus roseus, Madagascar periwinkle, produces vincritine/binblastine to treat childhood leukemia
Rauvolfia produces the drug reserpine and used to treat hypertension |
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diagnostic features of the gentian family (Gentianaceae), noting the floral nectaries and glands
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Usually herbs, opposite leaves without stipules, 4-5 merous perianth/androecium, nectary pits on corolla lobes, and a disk or glands at ovary base; parietal placentation, capsule or berry
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Describe the leaf arrangement, stipular morphology, and ovary position of the Rubiaceae
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opposite leaves, interpetiolar stipules, inferior ovary
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Name two economically important members of the Rubiaceae (2)
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Coffea
Cinchona the source of quinine used to treat malaria |
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For the Acanthaceae, describe the leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, and modified funiculus
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opposite leaves, zygomorphic, bracteates, usually bilabiate flowers, and funiculus retinacula (jaculators) helping seed dispersal
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Bignoniaceae: plant habit, leaf arrangement, flower symmetry, and fruit and seed morphology
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woody plants: trees, shrubs, vines
opposite or whorled leaves zygomorphic flowers elongated capsular fruits seeds flat, winged |
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What is distinctive about the Orobanchaceae, as defined here?
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Achlorophyllous, root parasites, 2+3 bilabiate corolla, 4 stamens, superior ovary
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What traditionally defined families are now included within the expanded Plantaginaceae
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Callitrichaceae, Globulariaceae, Halorigidaceae, Plantaginaceae s.s., and some Scrophulariaceae
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What relatively large, mostly western North American genus is now classified in the Phrymaceae
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Mimulus, Phrymaceae is expanded from a single species (Phryma leptostachya) to about 190 species
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How are the Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae similar and how different?
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They both have actinomorphic perianth and androecium, bicarpellate, syncarpous gynoecium, superior ovaries
Convolvulaceae are often clockwise twining vines, basal placentation, do not have stellate hairs, and generally 2 ovules per carpel Solanaceae are rarely vines; axile placentation, stellate hairs (trichomes), and many ovules per carpel |
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Name an important agricultural species in the Convolvulaceae
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Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato
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Solanaceae
a) flower symmetry, c. stamen number d) ovary position e). carpel number f) ovule number (per carpel)? |
actinomorphic symmetry
5 stamens; superior ovary; 2 carpels; many ovules per carpel |
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three members of the Solanaceae of great economic importance
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Capsicum, peppers;
Solanum tuberosum, potato; Lycopersicon, tomato; Nicotiana tabacum, tobacco |
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List the three economically important members of the family Apiaceae
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Anethum, dill;
Apium, celery; Carum, caraway; Daucus, carrot |
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Apiaceae, what is the
a) leaf base, b) inflorescence type , c) ovary position, d) fruit type. |
herbs with sheathing leaves; involucrate compound umbel; inferior ovary; schizocarp of mericarps
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How does the Araliaceae resemble the Apiaceae? How different?
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Both: umbel infl, actinomorphic flowers, inferior ovary
Araliaceae:no involucrate compound umbel infl, no schizocarp, woody Apicaceae: usually herbaceious, |
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What is the alternative traditional name for the Asteraceae?
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Compositae
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What is the common name of the Caprifoliaceae?
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Honeysuckles
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For the Caprifoliaceae, name the leaf arrangement, inflorescence type, and ovary position
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Opposite leaf arrangement, cyme inflorescence, inferior ovary
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Name two important caprifoliaceous plants
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Lonicera, honeysuckles
Abelia |
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Name two important genera in the Adoxaceae
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Viburnum, Sambucus
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What type of venation is characteristic of the Cornaceae family?
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Arcuate venation
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What are two possible reasons for the large bracts around the flowers of Davidia involucrate (Dove tree, or Handkerchief tree) in Cornaceae?
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To attract pollinators and to protect the inner inflorescence from rain
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What are the two major clades in the Cornaceae?
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Nyssoid-Mastixioid and Cornoid
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What defines Nyssoid-Mastixioid and Cornoid?
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Nyssoid-Mastixioid clade has unisexual, 5-merous flowers; Cornoid clade has bisexual, 4- merous flowers
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What is the family and genus name of the tea
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Theaceae, Thea
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What type of soils do members of Sarraceniaceae grow best in?
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Acidic soils
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What is an important food product in the Lecythidaceae
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Brazil nuts, Bertholletia exelsa
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Name two major genera of Salicaceae
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Salix and Populus
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What are the three subfamilies of Rosaceae as recognized by molecular data?
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Rosoideae, Dryadoideae, and Spiraeoideae (expanded to included traditional Maloideae, Prunoideae
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What is the name of the Elm Family?
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Ulmaceae
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What is unique about the leaves of the Ulmaceae
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Blade has an asymmetrical leaf base
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What is the scientific name of marijuana?
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Cannabis indica
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What kind of fruits do members of Cucurbitaceae produce and what kind of placentation do they have?
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Pepos with parietal placentation
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102. What family has trees and shrubs with black or dark-colored naphthaquinones in all tissues with nectar glands on the abaxial surface of the leaves?
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Ebenaceae
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What family contains the genre Digitalis and Anthirrhinum? Hint: this family is herbaceous, leaves are exstipulate
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Plantaginaceae
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What is the largest parasitic family in the angiosperms?
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Orobanchaceae
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What family contains wetland or aquatic insectivorous herbs with glad-headed hairs?
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Lentibulariaceae
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What family are the Hollies in?
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Aquifoliaceae
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What are the two subfamilies of Juglandaceae?
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a. Engelhardioideae, b. Juglandioideae
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What kind of fruit occurs in the Rutaceae family?
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Hesperid fruit, Oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, limes
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What is a monodelphous stamen?
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filaments of the stamens are fused into a tube.
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How do the anthers of the Melastomaceae family open?
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The anthers open by apical pores
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What family has crucifers, stamens tetradynamous, and flowers in raceme or panicle inflorescence?
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Brassicaceae
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What is a possible synapomorphy of the Ericales?
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Theoid teeth (when a single vein enters the tooth and ends in an opaque cap or gland that is deciduous)
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Name at least 4 important families in the Ericales
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Ebenaceae, Ericaceae, Primulaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Styracaceae, Theaceae, Actinidiaceae
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115. Theaceae (or the tea family) belongs to which order? And what species is the most commonly used to make the tea that we consume as a beverage?
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Order: Ericales
species of beverage: Camellia sinensis |
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Name two edible members of the Ericaceae family
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Blueberries and cranberries
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What is the common name for the Sarraceniaceae family? And in what habitats do these plants like to grow?
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Pitcher plant family; acidic habitats
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What about Boraginaceae makes the plants rough to touch? What type of inflorescence does the family usually have?
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Plants are rough to touch because of calcified hairs. The inflorescence is usually in a scorpoid or helicoid cyme.
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What is the name of the nitrogen-fixing fungus found in several genera of the Fabid order?
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Frankia
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What is different about the leaves of Acer negundo as compared to other species in Acer?
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Acer negundo has compound leaves, most other maples have simple.
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What are 2 morphological differences between Euphorbiaceae and Phyllanthaceae?
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Euphorbiaceae has a single ovule per locule and arillate seeds. Phyllanthaceae has 2 ovules per locule and nonarillate seeds.
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Give the common and general name for 4 economically important plants in Brassicaceae
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Kale, cauliflower, Brussel’s sprouts, broccoli (Brassica) and garlic mustard (Alliaria).
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What are the synapomorphies (2) of the Rosales order?
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Endosperm reduced or absent and hypanthium present
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Describe the current theory on the hybrid origin of Pyreae.
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Nuclear genes show it has a close relationship with Gillenia (x=9) and aneuploidy may have caused the Pyreae base number of 17 instead of 18
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Name the three genera of Sarraceniaceae
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Sarracenia, Heliamphora, Darlingtonia
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Name some distinguishing characteristics of Lamiids
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opposite leaves, entire leaf margins, hypogynus flowers, fusion of stamen filaments with the corolla tube, capsular fruits
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What is the habitat type of Lentibulariaceae?
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Aquatic environments or wetlands
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Name the three genera of Verbenaceae
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Verbena, Lippia, Lantana
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Name the four families in Euphorbiaceae.
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Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Picodendraceae, Putranjivaceae
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name the two species of the genus Campsis. Where are they found?
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a. Campsis radicans - America
b. Campsis grandiflora – China? |
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What are the two major clades of Cornaceae? How do you distinguish them?
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Nyssoid-Mastixiod clade
Unisexual, 5-merous flowers Cornoid clade Bisexual, 4-merous flowers |
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What two families have synobasic styles?
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Lamiaceae, Boraginaceae
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135. What family has opposite and exstipulate leaves, hairy and asymmetrical anthers, superior ovary with axile placentation, and explosive fruits?
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Acanthaceae
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Name two families in the Ericales order that are often heterostylus (styles of varying height).
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Rubiaceae and Primulaceae
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Why are red mangroves (Rhizophoraceae family) so important ecologically?
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They help to stabilize and protect shorelines. They also provide a perfect breeding environment for many birds and fishes.
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Which family is known for having nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobium) on their roots?
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Fabaceae
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Which group is considered most basal in the eudicots?
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Ranunculales
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Name two families where persistent sepals are common.
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Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Ebenaceae
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What family does the stinging nettle belong to?
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Urticaceae
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What is the genus name of the plant that parasitizes beech tree Fagus grandifolia?
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Epifagus
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Cannabaceae is well known for the marijuana plant, but what are some other, more beneficial uses of plants in the family
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Rope, Beer Flavoring, Timber
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Are the flowers in the begoniaceae family monoecious or dioecious?
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Monoecious
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What is the principle of priority in botanical nomenclature?
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The correct name is the earliest name published in accordance to the rules of botanical nomenclature
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What constitute a valid publication of a new plant taxon?
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Latin or Latinized name, latin diagnosis and full description (latin or not)
designation of a holotype (deposited in an herbarium) effective publication (widely accessible to botanists). |
