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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Congar
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French Roman Catholic Dominican, 1904-1995
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Jesuit
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into education, they were the storm troopers during the Reformation and sparking their own counter-reformation
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Franciscans
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into charity, nature, caring for people
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Dominicans
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into preaching, scholarship (brighter of the monks)
* They come closer to Lutheranism than the others * Very common to be into social justice * Often known as the preachers, or black friars (always wore black surpluses) |
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Fides quarens intellectum
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faith seeking understanding (Ansolm)
* Faith is the given, once it has been given it is not idle and is seeking to understand God's truth * Faith does not end in itself, it is not a dead end, but a beginning where you want to learn more and understand |
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Where do we learn about the Holy Spirit?
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1. Scripture (extra nos - outside of us)
2. Life experience a. Our experiences b. The saints that went before us c. Our entire life d. Emotions e. This assumes the means of grace |
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Why is experience a bad word in Lutheran circles?
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* Synergism - we are involved
* Emotion - deceiving sinful * Calvinists - reassurance * Subjective * Not certain, not for sure * Intra nos - inside of me |
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Where do we experience God?
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* When we are baptized
* When we participate in the Eucharist * When we hear the Word * In Absolution |
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Revelation has to have a what?
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An object
* The point in Revelation is that God makes Himself known, He has to have someone to reveal Himself too |
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Where do we find ourselves?
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"We find ourselves in finding God", the religious experience par excellence
* The one caveat, is that none of us find God, He finds us * When we seek to learn about God, we learn about ourselves |
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Congar on the Intra-Trinity
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* Father - is the origin
* Son - beloved who is begotten from eternity (always) * Spirit - proceeds from the Father and the Son |
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What is Ruach?
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Ruach is breath/Spirit
* The Ruach is what animates the soul * This is in contrast to the idea that there is a separation (bifurcation) of the body and soul * Ruach breath is not opposed in any way to the corporeal |
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Gnosticism and body/spirit?
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To separate the body from the spirit is Gnosticism - it is pagan
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Difference between Greek and Jewish in terms of categories.
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Greek thought in categories of substance, Jews in terms of force
* The Jews were more interested in saying, “This is what was being done” * The Jews didn’t worry about thinking about God’s being or essence, that is what the Greeks wondered about |
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What does worship God in Spirit and truth means?
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Worship God in Spirit and truth, means led by the Spirit
* It does not mean to stand up and act like you mean it, with ferver * To worship in Spirit and truth means to worship in God’s way! |
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How do we see the Spirit in the OT?
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* The beginning to the Judges, the Spirit came upon
* From David on the Spirit stayed on David and was active * The strict monotheism of the Jews had room for the manifestations of Ruach as Wisdom * Oil as a symbol of the Spirit * In the Jewish Bible, the Spirit of God is the action of God |
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How do we see the Spirit in the NT?
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1. The Baptism of Jesus
2. Sin against the Holy Spirit * The refusal to yield to faith For Paul 3. In the Spirit = in Christ 4. The spiritual gifts (from God and the Spirit) 5. "The Lord be with you and your spirit" Luke/Acts 6. The Spirit comes multiple times and keeps on coming 7. A series of Pentecosts John 8. On the cross 9. The Paraclete |
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When did the Spirit come to Jesus?
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Two options:
1. Conception * if you go strictly on the economy of salvation as Scripture emphasizes, you would end up at the baptism 2. Baptism * The Incarnation marks something new, man being brought into the Godhead * The Spirit is united with Jesus in the Incarnation * The hypostatic union starts at the Incarnation |
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How did the Stoics think of the Spirit
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* As a force
* Christ did not begin to then be the Son of God until the time of His baptism * The Savior on High descended on High at his baptism because His flesh in the birth could only have defiled Him |
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What was going on at Jesus Baptism?
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The Spirit came on the Son so that the Son could give the Spirit
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Filioque
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And the son
* Added to the Creed in 1054 at Rome * Part of the rational for the Great Schism * Can be argued on both sides □ John 15 "I will ask the Father and He will send" - East wins □ John "My Spirit going out" … "receive the Spirit" - West wins |
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Characteristics of the charismatic movement
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* never intended to be a denomination
* intent was faithful members of church who breathed more life into the congregation * could just be a group that took the Bible serious * could be a group that manifested the gifts of the Holy Spirit |
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How does the Holy Spirit give gifts today?
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* The Holy Spirit is still active in His church and gives gifts as they are needed
* The gifts have to be for the benefit of the church * A private prayer language would be OK in this understanding, as and encouragement * We should be careful to not minimize the Holy Spirit to the point that we do not desire the greater gifts * Spiritual gift inventors can be useful, but they are problematic in that they can be limiting |
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What was Luther's issue with the spiritual gifts?
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Luther had issues in the SC Articles that anything apart from Word and Sacrament is from the devil
* He would never have said the Holy Spirit could not do this, just that is not the way that He normally works |
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Who is Prenter
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Written in 1944 in Danish translated into English '53
* Prenter was reacting to other academics, which means we are coming in mid conversation * He is talking against the Luther Renaissance - Luther was no longer dry and boring but reinterpreted as an existentialist * Prenter/Forde feels that we can take the concept of Vicarious Atonement and turn it into caritas idealism and have no need of odium sui * Prenter overplays his hand in this, and in the imitation of Christ |
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Caritas idealism
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love idealism (ascent to God)
* Love in reformation literature (Catholic) means good works, what I do in response * Idealism comes from Platonism * caritas idealism was the problem of Rome and Pietism * This is a theologian of glory |
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Biblical realism
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textual grounded (God coming down)
* Biblical means textual, the economy of salvation (God at work - divine monergism) * Realism is grounded, concrete, and material * God comes down in Jesus Christ and profoundly in the sacraments * You have nothing to offer * This is being a theologian of the cross |
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Odium sui
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hatred of self
* You must learn to hate yourself and receive what God has to give |
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Who was Sasse
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German lived through WWI and WWII
* Wouldn’t sign Bart's Barmen Declaration that Bonhoeffer signed, because of the fear of unionism |
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Regula Fide
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Regula Fide (παραδωσις, tradition Latin) - rule of faith (1 Cor. 11)
* What is been taught by everyone at all times * A sacred trust * What the Holy Spirit has handed over |
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What is worship in spirit and truth?
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* This does not mean emotion, but according to God's Spirit, who is where He promised to be
* Worshiping the way God wants you to, nothing to do with your sincerity, nothing to do with your earnestly at all |
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Where has the Spirit promised to be?
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The Spirit has promised to be in Word and Sacrament, that is all
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Inward word
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Holy Spirit in action
* This is the Gospel * The response of faith that grabs on to the promise * Preaching - the church is a mouth house, not a pen house |
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Outward word
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external means of word and sacrament
* Is law if the inward word is not working * The mere letter * Bible |
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Which is more important? Inward word or outward word?
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Both
* You have to hold the tension * If you don't have the inward word you end up with fundamentalism, intellectualism * If you don't have the outward word you end up with Enthusiasm |
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Ex opera operata
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from 'the work having been worked' (the deed having been done)
* When you just go through the motions, do the deed, and think you have the grace * This is to think of grace as the fuel that moves your life * The idea is that you simply do the action and the goods are delivered and everything is great |
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How is Christ present in the Word?
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The Holy Spirit performs the miracle of Christ being present in the Word
* This is present tense Christ |
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apophatic
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Knowledge of God obtained via negation
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kataphatic
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Cataphatic theology is the expressing of God or the divine through positive terminology
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Rational Doctrine
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A rational doctrine of the Means of Grace is bad because you are trying to work it out
* This is to cut off the inward word of the Spirit coming and doing stuff * Any kind of rational doctrine of the means of grace which metaphysically bind the Spirit in its manifestation is a break with realism of revelation in the Bible. * The rationalization becomes the foundation instead of the Holy Spirit * That is caritas idealism - climbing to God vs. Holy Spirit realism of God coming to me * This leads to the foundation of faith being the Bible, and not Christ |
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The Holy Spirit is to Luther?
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The Holy Spirit is to Luther a present reality, not a transcendent causality
* He is truly present and in which we are therefore driven by His presence into the constant prayer of faith and into acts of love toward our neighbor |
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Enthusiasm
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schwärmen - to be God filled (all God powered) - a theologian of glory
* Luther was not talking about charismatics, but much wider a 'theologian of glory' * I think I can figure this out, I think I can grab ahold of God (reaching up to God vs. Him coming down - caritas idealism, eros idea) * Enthusiasm puts the "I" in the center |
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Magisterial of reason
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Master or teacher of reason, reason takes the dominant place
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Ministerial of reason
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Servant of reason, reason takes second place to the Word of God
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What is the Word of God?
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1. Jesus
* John 1:1, Jesus is one person with two natures, divine and human 2. Proclamation (the living voice) * Divine and human 3. Written Word * Divine and human |
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Norma normans
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norming norm
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Montanist
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believed that when the Bible was being written the Apostles fell into a trance and were a tool to the Holy Spirit
* wrong because the human is left out |
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Is the Bible the Word of God?
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The Bible <= Word of God.
* The Word of God is more than just the Bible, it is Jesus and Proclamation |
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Biblicism
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Biblicism - we believe because the Bible says so, which becomes the basis of our faith
* Fundamentalist are Biblicists * A Biblicist solves the problem of inerrancy by saying the autographs were inerrant * The problem is, we don't have the autographs * Modernists do not like arguments that rely on the rule of faith (or the Holy Spirit) |
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Creationism
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Creationism - basing ones faith on the scientific evidence for creation
* This is an issue of who has the best case and the most proof * Before you know it, you have an explanation for everything * Beating Darwin at his game is what a modernist basis his faith on |
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What makes it into a canon?
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In the NT, the authority assigned to the apostolic witnesses is that it bore witness to Christ
* The OT, similarly, has to bear witness to Jesus * The role of the church in the canonicity of the Bible was passive * The church recognized that it was the canon * The canon authenticated itself |
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How does the Bible function?
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The Bible continues to function as a normative form regardless of which books were in
* The hearing of God's Word is confirmed by the regula fide * The Bible is subordinate to Jesus Christ * You read the Bible in the context of how the church has taught you to read it |
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Homologoumena
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Homologoumena are those books in the Bible universally attested without contradiction
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Antilegomena
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Antilegomena were the disputed ones including: Hebrews, James, 2 Peter, 2 and 3 John, Jude, and Revelation.
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Inspiration
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"God breathed" theopneustos, the Holy Spirit is behind it all, animating it all
* The whole text is the Holy Spirit * Every part of the Scripture is inspired * Plenary (whole) verbal (down to the words themselves) inspiration of the inerrant text - every word is there because the Holy Spirit wanted them there |
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Revelation
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making known (apokalupsis), uncovering of something
* There are parts of the Bible that have been revealed through direct revelation (John) vs. Luke's research in his writing |
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Why do we believe the Bible
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Not because of 2 Tim 3:15, but because we know Christ, that is what establishes the Bible
* It is believable because we believe * The Bible is not bigger than Jesus * The Scripture and the church are inseparable |
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Inerrant
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Inerrant means that the Holy Spirit uses the text for His purpose
* Faith confesses the Bible to be the inerrant word of God * Inerrancy is a concept that comes from higher criticism, not from the Scriptures themselves because the Scriptures don't make that claim |
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How do we talk about inerrancy today?
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Today, it is just understood to be the received text - the canonical text
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Autograph
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the original letter written by the biblical writers
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symbol
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a symbol of a spiritual reality
* you have to believe in order for the symbol to have a spiritual reality * For those of you who believe, this is the body and blood of Christ * If the validity, veracity, and effectiveness of the sacrament depends on what you bring, there is no sacrament |
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What saves us Lutherans from a ex opera operata view?
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Faith is what saves us from an ex opera operata view
* The work had been worked does not deliver without the faith to receive it |
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A valid baptism
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If you baptize someone with water in the Triune name, it is efficacious (valid)
* Faith has no bearing on validity, only in beneficially * It always delivers the goods * It has nothing to do with the faith of the one administering the sacrament, but the confession of the community where it is being done |
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A beneficial baptism
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if there is faith there to receive it it is beneficial
* There is a sacrament going on with or without faith, but it only has benefits if you have faith * God really claims you in baptism, He really did, but if you do not have faith you are never claiming and you are an idiot * There has to be faith for baptism to be beneficial |
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The intent of baptism?
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To give assurance
* We are not saying baptism is a requirement of salvation, but a certainty * To use different words than the Triune name, or something other than water calls into question the efficacy of the baptism. |
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When do you re-baptize?
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Anytime there is a question of validity or if someone was baptized, you re-baptize
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What role does faith have in baptism?
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Faith grabs what God gives
* The very act of baptism gives the faith that receives |
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Why baptize babies (the historical argument)?
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The argument for infant baptism is an argument from silence
* There is more historical evidence for us than against us * By the 2nd century we have infant baptism occurring and no uproar * Tertullian complained in the early 230 against infant baptism, he was hung up on his pietistic practices and infant baptism was too easy * The household in the ancient world was everyone including the children * Proselytes coming into Judaism were baptized, including the infants |
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Why baptize babies (the theological argument)?
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1. God commands it, Mt 28 "All nations" which includes babies (Luther's argument)
2. Original sin - the baby needs it 3. Historical practice 4. Divine monergism (best argument) - salvation is all God's work, and the clearest expression of the gospel is worked out in infants 5. Infants have faith (most important) |
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Why baptize babies (the Scriptural argument)?
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1. The whole household of Cornelius
2. This is an argument of from silence both ways - you cannot prove or disprove |
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monstrum incertitudinous gratiae
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the monster of uncertain grace
* In Rome, you never know where you stand with God - the best you can do is "I hope so" * In Arminianism you never know if you made your decision right * In Calvinism you never know if you are one of the elect * This is the benefit of Lutheran baptism, we have certainty |
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pseudepigrapha
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Christian non-canonical books that are heridical
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Apocrypha
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Christian non-canonical books that are nice, but not recognized
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paradosis
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handing over (Greek) in terms of the Regula Fide
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Mysticism
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All about the experience of feeling the Spirit and being caught up with the connection with the Spirit
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Scholasticism
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Has a tendency to want to explain everything out
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viva voca
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“the living voice” of the Holy Spirit (From Preneter, and we cannot pin everything down with the Holy Spirit)
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prom me
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for me
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Sacramental Criteria
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1. Element of the earth
2. Commanded by God 3. Promise of grace |
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extra ecclesiam
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outside of the church
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fides actualis
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“real faith” (even in infants)
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plenary verbal inspiration
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We can make subscription to plenary verbal inspiration, but not like a modernist. We subscribe to it as a derived notion (aposteriori), not apriori. We are confident in the words of Scripture because Christ and the testimony of the Church have attested to it, not because the text has inherent value.
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