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22 Cards in this Set
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metaphysics |
(meta, meaning "beyond" and physics, meaning "the physical"). It is the study of being, or reality. This term is interchangeable with "ontology." (ontos meaning "being" and logos meaning "study of") |
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pantheism |
This worldview claims there is no Creator beyond the universe; rather, Creator and creation are two different ways of viewing one reality. God is the universe and the universe is God. It is represented by forms of Hinduism, Zen Buddhism, Christian Science and most New Age religions. |
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pan-en-theism |
God is in the universe as a mind is in a body; the universe is God's "body." God also is eternal and has infinite potential beyond the physical universe. This view is represented by Alfred North Whitehead, Charles Hartshorne, Schubert Ogden, John Cobb, and Lewis Ford. |
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major worldviews |
There are seven major worldviews which are theism, atheism, pantheism, panentheism, deism, finite godism, and polytheism. |
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theism |
The worldview that says the physical universe is not all there is. There is an infinite, personal God beyond the universe who created it, sustains it, and can act within it in a supernatural way. This view is represented by traditional Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. |
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atheism |
This worldview claims that only the physical universe exists; there is no God anywhere. Famous atheists were Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Jean-Paul Sartre. |
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deism |
God made the world, but He does not involve Himself with it. This view is represented by Francois Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine. |
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finite godism |
God created the universe but is limited in his nature and power evident by his inability to overcome evil. John Stuart Mill, William James, Peter Bertocci, and Rabbi Kushner are examples of adherents to this worldview. |
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polytheism |
The belief that there are many finite gods each active having its own domain. Chief representatives of this view are ancient Greeks, the Mormons, and the neo-pagans (such as wiccans). |
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pluralism |
Holds that more than one being exists. God is an infinite being and He created many finite beings. |
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monism |
All reality is one; there is only one being. |
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atomism |
Things differ by absolute non-being. Absolute non-being (the Void) is that which separates one being (atom) from another. |
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platonism |
Things differ by relative non-being. One being is distinct from another by what it is not. |
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aristotelianism |
Things differ as simple beings. There is plurality of simple beings that are separated from one another in their very being. |
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thomism |
Things differ as complex beings. Plurality is possible because there are different kinds of beings. A created being is a dynamic, complex composition of essence and existence. |
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horizontal argument |
A cosmological argument (known as kalam argument) that argues for a Beginner of the universe. |
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vertical argument |
A cosmological argument that reasons to a Sustainer of the universe. |
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argument from contingency |
A form of the vertical cosmological argument that begins with the fact that if a contingent being exists then a Necessary Being must exist. |
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argument from change |
A form of the vertical cosmological argument that begins with the fact that there are changing beings but an infinite regress is impossible. It must lead back to an Uncaused Cause. |
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the anthropic principle |
The universe was made and designed for man to live in. |
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idea of a Perfect Being |
A form of the ontological argument that the mere concept of God as an absolutely perfect Being demands that He exist. Also known as Anselm A. |
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idea of a Necessary Being |
A form of the ontological argument that the very idea of a Necessary Being demands that it must exist. Also known as Anselm B. |
