Syspath - Gu - Prostate

Front 1

What are the "risk factors" for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy?

Back 1

1) Age
2) Functional circulating androgens
3) Family history of BPH
*(castration prevents BPH)

Front 2

List 3 complications with BPH

Back 2

1) Urinary Retention from enlargement
2) Poor bladder control from changes in the bladder neck and tract
3) Infection, stones, hydronephrosis from urinary retention

Front 3

What are the surgical options for BPH treatment?

Back 3

* Surgery attempts to reduce a mass effect
1) TURP
2) Subtotal/total prostatectomy
3) Laser/microwave ablation

Front 4

What are the two medical options for BPH management?

Back 4

1) Androgen receptor blockade with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
2) Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade (modulate smooth muscle tone)

Front 5

What are three risk factors for prostatic carcinoma?

Back 5

1) Functional androgen endocrinology
2) African American race
3) Family History
* Diet not yet established

Front 6

What's wrong with the PSA test?

Back 6

1) Low predictive value
2) Many false positives and unnecessary workups
3) No change in outcome for those with prostate CA
4) High rate of complications

Front 7

What's the difference between a prognostic and a predictive factor?

Back 7

Prognostic factors relate to SURVIVAL.
Predictive factors indicate a chance a tumor will respond to THERAPY

Front 8

What are three PROGNOSTIC factors for prostate cancer?

Back 8

1) Tumor Stage (clinical and pathologic)
2) Tumor Grade
3) Serum PSA at time of Dx

Front 9

Explain the reasoning and indications behind a surgical tx of prostate cancer.

Back 9

Radical prostatectomy removes all cancer cells and will prevent recurrence.

Front 10

Explain the reasoning and indications behind radiation therapy of prostate cancer.

Back 10

External beam or seed implants will destroy rapidly-dividing tumor cells.

Front 11

Explain the reasoning and indications behind hormonal therapy of prostate cancer?

Back 11

Prostate cancers are androgen-dependent and respond to androgen blockade, orchiectomy, estrogenic agents.

Front 12

Explain the reasoning and indications behind watchful waiting with prostate cancer.

Back 12

Prostate cancer does not grow as rapidly as other cancers, and typically presents later in life. Many cancer patients die of unrelated causes first.

Front 13

What are the most frequent sites of metastasis for prostate cancer?

Back 13

1) Lymph nodes
2) BONE (vertebral column) - 65%
3) Lung
4) Liver

Front 14

Anatomically, where do most prostate cancers grow? BPH?

Back 14

BPH - anteromedially, in the "Transition Zone"
Prostate CA - Posteriorly in the "Peripheral Zone"

Front 15

What's the pathology?

Back 15

Prostate Cancer. Normal glands on Left, cancer glands on Right.