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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the clinical SXS of bladder cancer?
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1) Painless hematuria
2) Urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria 3) Cystitis, Pyelonephritis (obstruction/retention) 4) Lymph node mets (rare) |
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Is a screening test available for bladder cancer?
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Cystoscopy, however bladder cancer is so rare screening is limited to pts with a PRIOR DX of bladder cancer.
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What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?
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1) Toxins (alinine dyes)
2) Drugs (cytoxan, phenacetin) 3) Smoking 4) Schistosomiasis 5) Prior hx of bladder CA |
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What are the incidence percentages for papillary vs. transitional cell carcinomas?
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Papillary CA: 80%
Transitional Cell: 20% |
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Why are bladder cancer patients followed for so many years?
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Bladder CA has a very high recurrence rate (50% or greater in all cases)
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What are the subtypes of Urothelial/Transitional Cell CA?
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1) Flat (carcinoma in situ)
2) Papillary 3) Invasive |
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What is the "Field Effect" in relation to bladder CA?
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Entire urothelium is affected by carcinogen, and is therefore at equal risk. Bladder CA is therefore often multifocal in origin.
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What pathologic features are important in determining Bladder CA patient management?
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1) Tumor grade
2) Tumor stage 3) Tumor location |
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Name the pathology!
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High-Grade Papillary Carcinoma
* Note variation in size/shape of nuclei * Presence of papillary "fibro-vascular" structures |
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How is bladder cancer treated?
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Low Grade - scoop it out (TURB)
Hi Grade but IntraBladder - "BCG" attenuated bacteria, makes immune response to tumor Muscle Invasive - radical cystectomy Mets - MVAC (Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Adriomycin, Cytoxan) |
