Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Define the tissue layers of the esophagus.
|
* Lumen lined with stratified squamous epithelium
* Muscularis mucosa and Submucosa * Muscularis Externa (upper 1/3 has skeletal, middle mixed, lower 1/3 smooth) |
|
|
Why do neoplasia of the esophagus spread so readily?
|
1) Lack of Serosa - the esophagus has no outer connective tissue layer (serosa)
2) Rich lymphatic network |
|
|
What complications arise from the lack of a serosal layer on the esophagus?
|
1) Surgical - difficult to suture
2) Tumor/Infection - easily spread |
|
|
Define: Atresia
|
Congenital esophagus blind pouch
|
|
|
Define: Esophageal Web
|
Mucosa partially occluding the esophagus causing episodic solid food dysphasia
|
|
|
Define: Esophageal Stenosis
|
Lower esophageal narrowing. Clinicall presents as progressive dysphagia to solids then all foods. Often due to reflux.
|
|
|
Define: Esophageal Fistula
|
Passage formed between esophagus and adjacent structure, often the trachea. Commonly congenital. Clinically presents aspiration, pneumonia, paroxysmal suffocation.
|
|
|
Define: Achalasia
|
Persistent contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter.
|
|
|
Define: Mallory-Weiss Tear
|
Longitudinal tear at the esophagogagstic junction,
usually caused by severe vomiting. Can cause significant upper GI bleed. |
|
|
Define: Esophageal Diverticulum
|
Acquired outpouching of the esophageal wall. Causes episodic food regurgitation – especially nocturnal.
|
|
|
Define: Esophageal Varices
|
Dilated submucosal esophageal veins – occur secondary to portal hypertension.
|
|
|
Define: Barrett's Esophagus
|
Metaplastic precursor lesion. Replacement of stratified squamous epithelium of distal esophagus by columnar epithelium containing goblet cells. Common consequence of chronic esophageal reflux.
|
|
|
Define: Esophageal Reflux
|
Presence of gastric contents in esophagus in the absence of belching/vomiting.
|
|
|
Give three general pathologic mechanisms for esophagitis.
|
Reflux: heart burn, leading to dysphagia
Infectious: CMV (odynophagia), HSV (ulcers), Candida Corrosive: Pill ingestion |
|
|
Describe the pathology of Achalasia
|
* Caused by a loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus.
* Clinically presents as persistent contraction of the LES and absence of esophageal peristalsis. * Association with T. cruzi/Chagas infection |
|
|
What are the common presenting symptoms of an esophageal carcinoma?
|
1) Dysphagia
2) Weight loss 3) Anorexia |
|
|
Describe the pathology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
|
* Most common esophageal CA
* RFs: smoking, EtOH, nitrates/nitrites, low SES * Most common in upper 1/3 of esophagus * Histo: small plaques -> ulcerations/infiltrations * Keratin Pearls |
|
|
Describe the pathology of Adenocarcinoma
|
* RFs: Barrett's, obesity, smoking, refulx
* Develops in the distal 1/3 of esophagus * Histo: initially patchy -> mucin-producing nodular masses |
