Sys Path - Gi System

Front 1

GI Tract
-components

Back 1

-oral cavity
-esophagus
-forestomachs
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine

Front 2

General morphology of the tubular GI tract

Back 2

-mucosa
-submucosa
-muscularis

Front 3

Mucosa
-function

Back 3

-protective, absorptive, and secretory functions based on location

Front 4

Mucosal epithelium
-areas where stratified squamous

Back 4

-oral cavity
-esophagus
-forestomachs

Front 5

Mucosal epithelium
-areas where cuboidal to columnar

Back 5

-stomach
-intestines

Front 6

Submucosa
-composition

Back 6

-loose connective tissue
-vasculature
-nerves
-location of lymphoid aggregates that contribute to enteric immunity

Front 7

Muscularis
-composition

Back 7

-variation between striated and smooth muscle depending on locations
-contains an enteric nervous system

Front 8

Muscularis
-function

Back 8

-contractions provide mixing and peristalsis

Front 9

Important Digestive Glands

Back 9

-salivary glands
-pancreas
-liver

Front 10

Salivary gland
-function

Back 10

-produce seromucous secretion to moisten and lubricate food

Front 11

Pancrease
-function

Back 11

-produce enzymes for digestion (trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase)

Front 12

Liver
-function for digestion

Back 12

-produce bile and bile acids

Front 13

GI Tract
-main function

Back 13

-uptake
-break down ingested food into smaller units
-absorb nutrients
-excrete wastes (non-absorbed materials)

Front 14

Signs of GI dysfunction

Back 14

-abnormal prehension of food
-abnormal digestion
-abnormal absorption or secretion
-abnormal excretion

Front 15

Lips and Tongue
-function

Back 15

-prehension
-manipulation of food

Front 16

Teeth
-composition of hard tissues

Back 16

-dentin
-cementum
-enamel

Front 17

2 Types of Teeth in Domestic Animals

Back 17

-Brachydont
-Hypsodont

Front 18

Brachydont teeth
-spp. found in

Back 18

-carnivores
-pigs

Front 19

Brachydont teeth
-growth

Back 19

-short
-stop growing after eruption completed

Front 20

Brachydont teeth
-morphology

Back 20

-crown
-neck
-root(s)

Front 21

Hypsodont teeth
-spp. found in

Back 21

-ruminants
-horses

Front 22

Hypsodont teeth
-growth

Back 22

-long
-continue growth throughout all or most of life of the animal

Front 23

Hypsodont teeth
-morphology

Back 23

-no crown or neck
-very elongated

Front 24

Hardest substance in the body

Back 24

-enamel

Front 25

Manifestations of oral dysfunction

Back 25

-dysphagia
-excessive salivation
-halitosis
-pain

Front 26

Oral cavity
-developmental abnormalities

Back 26

-cleft lip
-cleft palate
-brachygnathia superior
-grachygnathia inferior
-prognathia

Front 27

Cleft lip
-definition

Back 27

-abnormal fusion of the lip and sometimes deeper structures

Front 28

Cleft palate
-defintion

Back 28

-hard palate is not completely fused
-most common in calves

Front 29

Brachygnathia Superior
-definition

Back 29

-short maxilla relative to the mandible
-causes malocclusion

Front 30

Brachyganthia Inferior
-defintion

Back 30

-short mandible
-causes malocclusion

Front 31

Prognathia
-definition

Back 31

-elongation of the mandibles

Front 32

7 Types of Stomatitis

Back 32

-Catharral Stomatitis
-Vesicular Stomatitis
-Erosive/Ulcerative Stomatitis
-Papular Stomatitis
-Necrotizing Stomatitis
-Eosinophilic Stomatitis
-Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis

Front 33

Catharral Stomatitis
-etiology

Back 33

-nonspecific
-Thrush (Oral Candidiasis)
-Candida albicans

Front 34

Vesicular Stomatitis
-etiology

Back 34

-viral or immune mediated
-FMD, Feline Calicivirus, Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 35

Erosive/Ulcerative Stomatitis
-etiology

Back 35

-Feline Calicivirus
-Feline Herpesvirus-1
-BVD

Front 36

Necrotizing Stomatitis
-etiology

Back 36

-Fusobacterium necrophorum
-Spirochetes

Front 37

Eosinophilic Stomatitis
-etiology

Back 37

-etiologically and pathologically indistinct

Front 38

Lymphoplasmacytic
-etiology

Back 38

-chronic immune stimulation

Front 39

Most common dental disease of dogs

Back 39

-Periodontitis

-also most common in sheep

Front 40

Periodontitis
-pathogenesis

Back 40

-gingivitis in association with subgingival plaque
-lysosomal enzymes from inflammatory cells or bacterial enzymes degrade gingival collagen
-gums recede
-possible resorption of alveolar bone
-sequela = tooth loss, osteomyelitis of mandible

Front 41

Vesicle
-morphology

Back 41

-elevated, circumscribed, fluid filled lesion < 1 cm in diameter
-located between the epithelium and lamina propria

Front 42

Infectious diseases of pigs characterized by oral vesicles

Back 42

-Foot and Mouth Disease
-Vesicular Stomatitis
-Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
-Swine Vesicular Disease

Front 43

Vesicular Stomatitis
-Morphological manifestation

Back 43

-very similar to Foot and Mouth Disease
-vesicle formation in and around the mouth, feet, teats, mammary glands

Front 44

Conditions of Ruminants characterized by oral papules

Back 44

-Papular Stomatitis
-Contagious ecythema

Front 45

Papular diseases of Ruminants
-caused by

Back 45

-Parapoxvirus

Front 46

Papular stomatitis
-significance to animals

Back 46

-minimal significance to cattle
-needs to be differentiated from other oral lesions

Front 47

Contagious ecythema
-significance to animals

Back 47

-proliferative and exudative lesions similar to papular stomatitis

Front 48

Papular diseases of ruminants
-significance to veterinarians

Back 48

-zoonotic

Front 49

Ranula
-morphology

Back 49

-fluctuant cords in the ventro-lateral oral cavity
-lined by normal, intact duct epithelium

Front 50

Mucocele
-morphology

Back 50

-cysts with no epithelial lining located from ventral to the tongue to the mid-cervical area

Front 51

Ranula
-pathogenesis

Back 51

-obstruction of salivary ducts due to hypoplasia, foreign bodies, or inflammatory or neoplastic compression can cause dilation or cyst formation in the duct

Front 52

Mucocele
-pathogenesis

Back 52

-due to rupture of a salivary duct

Front 53

Epulis
-defintion

Back 53

-tumor-like mass of the gingiva of dogs and sometimes cats

Front 54

Types of Epulis

Back 54

-Fibrous epulis
-Fibromatous epulis
-Acanthomatous epulis

Front 55

Fibrous Epulis
-description (morphology, composition, prognosis)

Back 55

-localized, firm gingival mass
-comprised of mature fibrous tissue
-prognosis good following removal

-usually chronic inflammation if associated with periodontal disease

Front 56

Fibromatous Epulis
-description (morphology, composition, prognosis)

Back 56

-benign, mesenchymal tumor
-comprised of immature, poorly organized fibrous stroma
-cords and islands of epithelium present in the stroma
-attached to periosteum leading to the possibility of displacing teeth
-prognosis is good following removal

Front 57

Acanthomatous epulis
-description (morphology, composition, prognosis)

Back 57

-epithelial tumor of ginigival or periodontal ligament
-comprised of nests and sheets of epithelium with surrounding stroma
-invasive and can destroy adjacent bone
-Likely to reoccur after removal

Front 58

Common oral neoplasms of dogs and cats

Back 58

-oral papillomatosis
-oral squamous cell carcinoma
-oral melanoma
-oral fibrosarcoma

Front 59

Oral Papillomatosis
-describe

Back 59

-benign squamous epithelial neoplasm
-common in young animals
-proliferations of squamous epitheliam cells (warts) from papovavirus infection
-can extend into the esophagus or rumen
-spontaneous remission

Front 60

Oral Squamous cell carcinoma
-describe

Back 60

-malignant squamous epithelial neoplasm
-irregular, noduar grey mass on the ventral surface of the tongue
-can metastisize and become locally suspective

Front 61

Oral melanoma
-describe

Back 61

-benign or malignant
-early metastasis to LNs
-arise from melanocytes of gingiva, buccal mucosa, or lips
-most common in males and breeds with dark hair coats and pigmented mucous membranes

Front 62

Oral fibrosarcoma
-describe

Back 62

-malignant neoplasm of fibroblasts
-commonly locally invade bone

Front 63

Manifestations of Esophagus Dysfunction

Back 63

-Dysphagia
-Regurgitation and/or vomiting
-Aspiration pneumonia
-Poor growth or condition

Front 64

Regurgitation vs. Vomiting

Back 64

-Regurgitation: return of undigested food back up the esophagus to the mouth

-Vomiting: return of partially digested stomach contents to the mouth

Front 65

Megaesophagus
-define

Back 65

-dilation of the esophagus because of insufficient, absent, or uncoordinated peristalsis in the mid and cervical esophagus

Front 66

Megaesophagus
-causes

Back 66

-congenital (persistent right 4th aortic arch, neuromuscular development abnormality)
-acquired (neuromuscular condition or mechanical obstruction)

Front 67

Persistent Right 4th aortic arch
-structures that form a ring around the esophagus

Back 67

-aorta
-pulmonary artery
-ductus arteriosus

Front 68

Congenital megaesophagus
-common in what breeds

Back 68

-Great Danes
-German Sheperds
-Irish Setters

Front 69

Neuromuscular Development Abnormality
-pathogenesis of megaesophagus

Back 69

-ganglia in the myenteric plexus are normal in number
-delayed maturation of function
-may improve over time

Front 70

acquired neuromuscular condition
-pathogenesis of megaesophagus

Back 70

-myasthenia gravis
-immune-mediated destruction of neuromuscular endplates

Front 71

How can megaesophagus be recognized?

Back 71

-regurgitation after ingestion of solid food

Front 72

Lesions associated with Spirocirca lupi infection of the esophagus

Back 72

-focal granulomatous esophagitis
-aortic mineralization
-thrombosis

Front 73

Manifestations of forestomach dysfunction

Back 73

-abdominal distension
-electrolyte imbalance

Front 74

Bloat
-define

Back 74

-dilation of the rumen by gas and ingesta

Front 75

Bloat types

Back 75

-primary tympany (frothy bloat)
-secondary tympany (gas accumulation)

Front 76

Frothy Bloat
-cause

Back 76

-ingestion of legumes that stabilize foam

Front 77

Frothy Bloat
-define

Back 77

-gas and ingesta are intermixed

Front 78

Frothy Bloat
-pathogenesis

Back 78

-bloat-inducing legumes contain high levels of proteins that stabilize rumen foam
-bacteria ferment legumes and contribute to gas formation
-foam interferes with normal gas eructation causing gas to build up in the rumen
-expanded rumen compresses diaphragm to inhibit respiration and increases intraabdominal pressure shunting blood away from the abdominal viscera

Front 79

Frothy Bloat
-cause of death

Back 79

-hypoxia

Front 80

Frothy bloat
-lesions

Back 80

-distended abdomen
-dark red, poorly clotted blood
-congestion
-hemorrhages
-bloat-line in esophagus

Front 81

Secondary Tympany
-cause

Back 81

-obstructions or adhesions of the forestomachs or esophagus

Front 82

Secondary Tympany
-pathogenesis

Back 82

-esophagus obstruction
-animal cannot eructate gas normally
-gas production by fermentation still occurs normally
-abdominal distension occurs

Front 83

Secondary Tympany
-lesions

Back 83

Similar to frothy bloat but w/o froth

Front 84

Lactic Acidosis
-cause

Back 84

-shift in rumenal microflora due to increased carbohydrate in the ration
-causes excessive production of lactic acid

Front 85

Lactic Acidosis
-most important systemic effect

Back 85

-Necrobacillary rumenitis which can spread to the liver and cause hepatic abcesses

Front 86

Necrobacillary rumenitis
-cause

Back 86

-Fusobacterium necrophorum

Front 87

Lactic Acidosis
-most important local effect

Back 87

-Mycotic rumenitis
-

Front 88

Mycotic rumenitis
-cause

Back 88

-fungi which colonize damaged mucosa and cause fibrinous necrohemorrhagic inflammation

Front 89

Necrobacllary rumenitis
-morphology

Back 89

-multiple foci of mucosal necrosis
-villus adhesion from fibrinocellular exudation
-coagulative liver necrosis

Front 90

Mycotic rumenitis
-morphology

Back 90

-fibrinous necrohemorrhagic inflammation of mucosa
-vascular thrombosis
-localized fibrinohemorrhagic peritonitis

Front 91

GI/liver diseases caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum

Back 91

-Necrotizing stomatitis
-Calf diptheria
-Necrobacillary rumenitis
-Swine dysentery
-Hepatic abcesses

Front 92

Traumatic reticulitis
-aka

Back 92

-hardware disease

Front 93

Traumatic reticulitis
-lesions

Back 93

-focal peritonitis
-perirecticular abscesses
-pericarditis
-pleuritis

Front 94

Gastric Dilatation in Dogs
-predisposing factors

Back 94

-source of distending gas, fluid, feed
-obstruction of the cardia preventing emesis and eructation
-obstruction of pylorus preventing movement of contents into Small Intestine

Front 95

Gastric Dilatation in Dogs
-sequelae

Back 95

-volvulus

Front 96

Volvulus
-effects

Back 96

-vascular congestion --> congestion and edema, ischemia, mucosal infarction
-spleen displacement
-can be fatal due to circulatory shock and DIC

Front 97

Gastric Ulceration in Pigs
-predisposing factors

Back 97

-stress
-finely ground feed
-specific ration types (high copper, high carbs, high unsaturated fatty acids)

Front 98

Factor of gastroduodenal ulceration in domestic animals that is not a common cause of gastroduodenal ulceration in humans

Back 98

-Helicobacter pylori

Front 99

Clostridial abomastitis
-cause

Back 99

- Clostridium septicum
- Clostridium perfringens

Front 100

Clostridial abomastitis in Sheep
-aka

Back 100

-Braxy

Front 101

Clostridial abomastitis in sheep
-morphological lesions

Back 101

-necrohemorrhagic emphysematous abomatitis

Front 102

Parasitic Gastritis in Ruminants
-cause

Back 102

-Haemonchus contortus
-Ostertagia sp.

Front 103

Haemonchus contortus
-mechanism of parasitic gastritis

Back 103

-blood sucking nematodes
-acute anemia and hypoproteinemia

Front 104

Ostertagia sp.
-mechanism of parasitic gastritis

Back 104

-mucosal metaplasia and glandular hyperplasia with roughened abomasal mucosa

Front 105

Haemonchus contortus
-lesions

Back 105

-severe anemia
-red-brown gastric content
-serous effusions
-young animals

Front 106

Ostertagia sp.
-lesions

Back 106

-abomastitis with mucous metaplasia and glandular hyperplasia

Front 107

Section of small intestine that contains submucosal glands

Back 107

-duodenum

Front 108

Section of the small intestine with peyer's patches

Back 108

-ileum

Front 109

Epithelial lining of the mucosa of the small intestine

Back 109

-columnar epithelium

Front 110

Goblet cells
-function

Back 110

-secrete mucous to help protect the mucosal surface of the small intestine

Front 111

Paneth cells
-describe

Back 111

-horses and ruminants
-located in the crypts
-produce lysozyme (antimicrobial effect)

Front 112

Enterocyte
-function

Back 112

-digest and absorb nutrients, electrolytes, water

Front 113

Transit time of an epithelial cell from the crypt to villus

Back 113

-2-8 days

Front 114

large intestine epithelial lining

Back 114

-columnar epithelium
-stratified squamous in anus

Front 115

Colon and cecum
-function

Back 115

-microbial fermentation
-absorption of water, vitamins, electrolytes

Front 116

Large intestine
-components

Back 116

-cecum
-colon
-rectum
-anus

Front 117

What can be caused by diarrhea?

Back 117

-dehydration
-electrolyte imbalance
-nutrient deficiency

Front 118

Small Bowel Diarrhea
-types

Back 118

-secretory small bowel diarrhea
-malabsorption small bowel diarrhea
-effusive small bowel diarrhea

Front 119

Secretory small bowel diarrhea
-define

Back 119

-imbalance between secretion and absorption that favors secretion

Front 120

Secretory Small Bowel Diarrhea
-etiology

Back 120

-E. coli heat labile toxin, cholera toxin (enterotoxin)
-E. coli heat stable toxin, Yersinia enterocolitica (enterotoxins)

Front 121

Secretory small bowel diarrhea due to E. coli heat labile toxin
-pathogenesis

Back 121

-increase in adenylate cyclase activity in enterocyte
-inc. cAMP
-shuts down NaCl cotransport in the villus enterocytes
-reduced passive absorption of water with stimulated chloride secretion causing water loss
-increased water in gut lumen

Front 122

Secretory small bowel diarrhea due to E. coli heat stabile toxin
-pathogenesis

Back 122

-stimulate increased guanylate cyclase
-inc. cGMP
-shuts down NaCl cotransport in the villus enterocytes
-reduced passive absorption of water with stimulated chloride secretion causing water loss
-increased water in gut lumen

Front 123

Malabsorptive small bowel diarrhea
-define

Back 123

-retention of electrolytes and nutrient solute, along with osmotically retained water in the lumen of the intestine

Front 124

Malabsorptive small bowel diarrhea
-etiology

Back 124

Virus induced
-Parvovirus
-Feline Enteric Coronavirus

Front 125

Effusive Small Bowel Diarrhea
-define

Back 125

-retrograde flow of fluid and solute from the intestinal tissue to the lumen

Front 126

Effusive Small bowel diarrhea
-causes

Back 126

-increased hydrostatic pressure within lamina propria
-increased permeability of intestinal mucosa

Inflammation

Front 127

Effusive Small Bowel Diarrhea
-etiology

Back 127

-Salmonella
-Clostridium

Front 128

Enteric Parvovirus
-pathogenesis

Back 128

-oronasal exposure
-infects tonsils and peyer's patches
-spreads systemically to other lymphoid tissue
-cause enterocyte necrosis
-eventually replaced by new enterocytes from crypts

Front 129

Feline Panleukopenia Virus
-pathogenesis

Back 129

-replicate in the crypt cells and destroy the crypts not allowing for regeneration

Front 130

Intestinal displacement
-most common in what spp

Back 130

-horse

Front 131

Intestinal displacement
-types

Back 131

-eventration
-torsion
-volvulus
-herniation
-intussusception

Front 132

Eventration
-define

Back 132

-displacement of a portion of the intstines outside the abdominal cavity

Front 133

Torsion
-define

Back 133

-rotation or twisting of a portion of the bowel

Front 134

Volvulus
-define

Back 134

-intestinal obstruction due to torsion

Front 135

Herniation
-define

Back 135

-passage of organs or tissues through an abdominal opening

Front 136

Intussusception
-define

Back 136

-telescoping of one section of the intestine into another

Front 137

Intestinal displacement
-sequelae

Back 137

-tympany
-obstruction with distension
-vascular compromise
-necrosis

Front 138

Syndromes caused by E. coli

Back 138

-Enterotoxigenic colibacilosis
-Enteropathogenic colibacilosis
-Septicemic colibacilosis

Front 139

Enterotoxigenic colibacilosis
-animals affects

Back 139

-neonatal calves, lambs, pigs

Front 140

Enterotoxigenic colibacilosis
-pathogenesis

Back 140

-adhere to and colonize intestinal mucosa
-produce secretion inducing toxins

Secretory small bowel diarrhea

Front 141

Enteropathogenic colibacilosis
-animals affected

Back 141

-rabbits, pigs, lambs, dogs

Front 142

Enteropathogenic colibacilosis
-pathogenesis

Back 142

-large numbers of bacteria adhere to enterocytes in the small and large intestine
-microvillus degeneration and detachment

Malabsorptive diarrhea

Front 143

Septicemic colibacilosis
-animals affected

Back 143

-calves

Front 144

Septicemic colibacilosis
-pathogenesis

Back 144

-E. coli gain access to vasculature to cause bacteremia
-can result in peracute death

Front 145

Common enteric diseases of young puppies

Back 145

-canine parvoviral enteritis
-canine ancylostomasis

Front 146

Canine Parvoviral enteritis
-pathogenesis

Back 146

-systemically spreads to lymphoid tissue and intestinal crypts
-enterocyte necrosis and atrophy
-malabsorption and effusion

Front 147

Canine Parvoviral enteritis
-signs

Back 147

-anorexia
-lethargy
-vomiting
-diarrhea

Front 148

Canine Parvoviral enteritis
-gross lesions

Back 148

-segmental to generalized serosal hemorrhage with red-tinged fluid in the intestinal lumen
-also infects bone marrow --> lymphopenia and neutropenia

Front 149

Canine Ancylostomasis
-transmission

Back 149

-in utero
-transmammary
-ingestion

Front 150

Canine Ancylostomasis
-signs

Back 150

-weight loss
-anemia
-diarrhea
-dehydration

Front 151

Lymphangiectasia
-defintion

Back 151

-dilation of lymph vessels (intestinal lacteals) due to obstruction

Front 152

Lymphangectasia
-cause

Back 152

-inflammation
-neoplasia

Front 153

Lymphangectasia
-clinical signs

Back 153

-chronic diarrhea
-wasting
-hypoproteinemia
-lymphopenia
-hypocalcemia
-hypocholesterolnemia

Front 154

Lymphangectasia
-sequelae

Back 154

-malabsorption
-protein-losing enteropathy

Front 155

Dysautonomia
-signs

Back 155

-anorexia
-decreased salivation
-bradycardia
-papillary dilation
-constipation
-possible diarrhea

Front 156

Dysautonomia
-define

Back 156

-chromatolysis and degeneration of neurons in autonomic ganglia

Front 157

Dysautonomia
-lesions

Back 157

-megaesophagus
-dilated and flaccid bowel
-ileal obstruction in the GI tract

Front 158

Enteric coccidiosis
-lesions in cattle

Back 158

-fibrinohemorrhagic typhlocolitis which may extend to the terminal ileum and rectum

Front 159

Enteric coccidiosis
-etiology in sheep and cattle

Back 159

-Eimeria sp.

Front 160

Enteric coccidiosis
-clinical signs

Back 160

-diarrhea (malabsorption, inflammatory effusion, hemorrhage)
-dysentery
-dehydration
-neurological signs (neurotoxin)

Front 161

Enteric coccidiosis
-differentials

Back 161

-salmonellosis
-BVD
-bovine adenovirus
-malignant catarrhal fever
-rinderpest

Front 162

Enteric coccidiosis
-lesions in sheep

Back 162

-fibrinohemorrhagic typhlocolitis which may extend to the terminal ileum and rectum
-may have multifocal small white nodules representing infected clusters of villi

Front 163

Bovine Salmonellosis
-etiology

Back 163

-S. typhimurium
-S. dublin

Front 164

Bovine salmonellosis
-age affected

Back 164

- > 1 wk old

Front 165

Bovine Salmonellosis
-clinical signs

Back 165

-depression
-dehydration
-yeallow-gray diarrhea

Front 166

Bovine Salmonellosis
-lesions

Back 166

-fibrinous enterocolitis (can also be catarrhal or hemorrhagic)
-villous blunting with mucosal necrosis and ulceration
-ileum most severe

Front 167

Bovine Salmonellosis
-non-enteric lesions

Back 167

-paratyphoid granulomas in liver
-fibrinous cholecystitis
-pulmonary edema
-acute splenitis

Front 168

BVD
-etiology

Back 168

-Pestivirus (w/ cytopathic and non-cytopathic types)

Front 169

Acute BVD
-morphological lesions

Back 169

Erosions and shallow ulcers of the:
-tongue
-esophagus
-intestine

Front 170

Acute BVD
-significance

Back 170

-most infections are subclinical
-6-24 month old cattle
-Type I, non-cytopathic strain of BVD
-decreased milk prodction

Front 171

Bovine Mucosal Disease
-etiology

Back 171

-when cattle whom are immunotolerant to and persistently infected by a NCP strain of BVD become infected by a CP strain

Front 172

Bovine Mucosal disease
-lesions

Back 172

-fetal: cerebellar hypoplasia, thymic hypoplasia, cataracts
-Acute:

Front 173

Acute BVD
-lesions

Back 173

-ulcers of the tongue, esophagus, intestines

Front 174

Bovine Mucosal Disease
-lesions

Back 174

-ulcers of the tongue, esophagus, intestines

Front 175

Malignant Catarrhal fever
-cause

Back 175

-gamma-herpesvirus

Front 176

Malignant Catarrhal Fever
-pathogenesis

Back 176

-viremia with multisystemic involvement
-cytotoxic T-cell proliferation

Front 177

Malignant Catarrhal Fever
-lesions

Back 177

-ulceration and necrosis of the oral cavity, esophagus, forestomach, and intestines
-lymphoid infiltrates
-blood vessel necrosis

Front 178

Johnes Disease
-aka

Back 178

-paratuberculosis

Front 179

Johnes Disease
-etiology

Back 179

-M. avium paratuberculosis

Front 180

Johnes Disease
-pathogenesis

Back 180

-ingestion of M. avium
-persistence in intestine and lymph nodes
-progressive emaciation

Front 181

Johnes Disease
-lesions

Back 181

-granulomatous enteritis
-aortic mineralization
-lymphangitis/lymphadenitis

Front 182

Rhodococcus enterocolitis
-etiology

Back 182

-Rhodococcus equi

Front 183

Rhodococcus enterocolitis
-pathogenesis

Back 183

-pulmonary infection
-spreads via ingestion to the intestine

Front 184

Rhodococcus enterocolitis
-primary lesions

Back 184

-suppurative bronchopneumonia
-pyogranulomatous enterocolitis and lymphadenitis

-enteric lesions secondary

Front 185

Anterior enteritis of horses
-pathogenesis

Back 185

-excessive enterogastric reflux without intestinal obstruction

Front 186

Anterior enteritis of horses
-lesions

Back 186

-lots of fluid in duodenum and anterior jejunum
-mucosal hyperemia and edema
-serosal hemmorhage
-excess fluid from increased production, not intestinal obstruction

Front 187

Anterior enteritis of horses
-differential diagnosis

Back 187

-intestinal obstruction

Front 188

Porcine Salmonellosis
-etiological agents

Back 188

-Salmonella cholerasuis (septicemic)
-Salmonella typhimurium (enteric)

Front 189

Porcine Salmonellosis
-lesions associated with S. cholerasuis

Back 189

Mainly due to endotoxin-induced endothelial damage
-hemorrhage
-pulmonary edema
-interstitial pneumonia
-splenomegaly
-multifocal hepatic necrosis
-gastric venous infarction

Front 190

Porcine Salmonellosis
-lesions associated with S. typhimurium

Back 190

-Pseudomembranous enterocolitis
-ulcerative proctitis
-rectal stricture (sequela from granulation and fibrosis of ulcer)

Front 191

Pathogenesis of rectal stricture associated with Salmonella infection in pigs

Back 191

-Salmonella typhimurium
-localized infection causing mucosal damage
-ulceration develops (ulcerative proctitis)
-granulation and fibrosis occur to heal the ulcerative lesion, causing stricture)

Front 192

Proliferative Enteropathy Complex
-etiology

Back 192

-Lawsonia intracellularis in feeder pigs

Front 193

Proliferative Enteropathy Complex
-manifestations

Back 193

-intestinal adenomatosis
-necrotic ileitis
-regional ileitis

Front 194

Proliferative Enteropathy Complex
-intestinal adenomatosis lesions

Back 194

-mucosal hyperplasia of crypt enterocytes (ileum)

Front 195

Proliferative Enteropathy Complex
-necrotic ileitis lesions

Back 195

-fibrinous pseudomembrane mixed with caseous yellow necrotic mucosis
-coagulation necrosis of the adenomatosis mucosa

Front 196

Proliferative enteropathy Complex
-regional ileitis lesions

Back 196

-adenomatosis with mucosal ulceration, granulation, hemorrhage

Front 197

Swine dysentery
-etiology

Back 197

-Brachyspira hyodysenteria

Front 198

Swine dysentery
-signs

Back 198

-diarrhea with mucous, blood, or fibrin

Front 199

Swine Dysentery
-lesions

Back 199

-fibrinocatarrhal typhlocolitis with superficial mucosal necrosis and erosions of the colon ans cecum

Front 200

Areas affected:
-swine enteropathy complex
-salmonella
-dysentery

Back 200

-enteropathy: ileum
-salmonella: ileum, cecum, colon
-dysentery: cecum, colon