Syntax & Grammatical Terms (Ap Eng)

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Anaphora

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the regular repetition of the same word or phrase at the begining of successive phrases or clauses "We shall fight on the beaches. We shall fight on the landing grounds."

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Anastrophe

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a rhetorical term for the inversion of the normal order of the parts of a setence. adjective after the noun it modifies ("the form divine"), a verb before its subject ("Came the dawn"), or a noun preceding its preposition ("worlds between").

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Antecedent

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the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers

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Antithesis

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a figure of speech in which opposing or contrasting ideas are balanced against each other using grammticaly parallel syntax. "There is no king who has not had a slave among his ancestors. And no slave that has not had a king among his."

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Aposiopesis

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sudden breaking off in the middle of a sentence

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Asyndeton

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conjunctions are omitted, producing a fast-paced and rapid prose. "I came. I saw. I conquered."

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Chiasmus

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grammatical structure in which the first clause or phrase is reversed in the second, sometimes repeating the same words. “He went to the country, to the town went she.”

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Clause

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A group of words containing a subject and verb that may or may not be a complete sentence.

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Gerund

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a noun formed form a verb

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Imperative

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a sentence structure that gives a command

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isocolon

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succession of clauses of approximately equal length and corresponding structure. "Climate is what we expect, but weather is what you get."

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Inversion

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reversing the normal order of sentence parts for poetic effect

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Loose sentences

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modifiers follow the SVC pattern allowing the strength of the sentence to come first. A car hit him just as he bent over to tie his shoelace

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paradox

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a statement or expression so surpsingly self-contradictory as to provoke us into seeking another sense in which it would be true. "Success is counted sweetest By those we ne'er succeed.

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Parallelism

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expressing similar or related ideas in similar grammatical structure. "He tried to make the law clear, precise and equitable

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Periodic sentences

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the main idea comes last in the sentence, leaving the reader with a more powerful last impression. "Just as he bent over to tie his shoelace, a car hit him"

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Polysyndenton

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opposite of asyndeton. The use of many conjunctions has a slowing effect.

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Rhetorical Question

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questions that do not require an answer