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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardinal respiratory symptoms and signs
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cough
sputum dyspnoea wheezing cyanosis chest pain |
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Disorders of the lung mechanics
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Airway obstruction
nasal cavity: nasal congestion pharynx: collapse during sleep larynx: suffocation central aw: trachea: stridor main bronchi: dyspnoea, wheezing lobar bronchi: asymptomatic or minor dyspnoea peripheral aw: dyspnoea Lung parenchyma (decr. compliance): dyspnoea Chest wall (abnormalities): dyspnoea Respiratory muscles (fatigue): dyspnoea |
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Disorders of airways defence mechanisms
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Nasal cavity
sneezing nasal discharge Airways Cough: acute respiratory infections, foreign body aspiration, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough Haemoptysis Expectoration - Sputum mucoid (mainly macrophages) purulent (neutrophils) Pneumococcus - bloody or rust-colored Pseudomonas, Haemophilus - green sputum |
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Cough
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Physiologic reflex
Pathologic reflex Acute cough Chronic cough Rhinitis/sinusitis Asthma Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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Disorders of gas exchange
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Respiratory insufficiency (failure)
Hypoxemic Decreased ventilation/perfusion ratio Venous admixture (right-to-left intrapulmonary shunt) Diffusion impairment Hypercapnic Overall alveolar hypoventilation Critical amount of the compartments with low V´/Q´ ratio + limits for hyperventilatory compensation |
